"Peran Prediktif IL-6, IL-10, dan TNF-α Plasma terhadap Gagal Ginjal Ak" by Dewi Gathmyr, Maruhum Bonar H Bonar et al.
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Abstract

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients due to inflammation and immune dysregulation. This study aimed to correlate serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α with serum creatinine changes and their roles to predict incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.

Methods. This prospective cohort study was conducted among patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 in Pertamina Central Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia during November 2020 to January 2021. All serum levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and creatinine were collected on the first day and seventh day of hospitalization. They might be collected earlier if the patients died or discharged early. AKI was defined as deterioration in serum creatinine or urine output based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline. The correlation between cytokine and creatinine serum level changes were analyzed using Spearman test. Receiver operator characteristic curve was calculated to explore predictive roles of cytokines on AKI incidence.

Results. A total of 43 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 59.3 years (SD 12.59), and the majority were male (74%). The incidence of AKI was 7%. Serum creatinine changes were correlated with serum levels changes IL-10 (r= -0.343; p=0.024), but not for IL-6 (r=-0.198; p=0.202) and TNF-α (r=-0.129, p=0.409). Meanwhile, serum TNF-α level on the first day was able to predict AKI incidence on the seventh day of hospitalization (AUC 85%; p=0.045; 95% CI=0.737 to 0.963).

Conclusions. TNF-α on the first day is potential to be predictor on AKI incidence on the seventh day in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients.

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan. Gagal ginjal akut (GGA) berhubungan dengan angka kematian yang lebih tinggi pada pasien COVID-19 akibat peradangan dan disregulasi imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi kadar serum IL-6, IL-19, dan TNF-α dengan perubahan serum kreatinin dan peranannya dalam memprediksi kejadian GGA pada pasien dengan COVID-19 derajat sedang dan berat.

Metode. Penelitian kohort prospektif ini mengumpulkan pasien COVID-19 derajat sedang hingga berat di Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina Jakarta, Indonesia selama November 2020 hingga Januari 2021. Kadar sitokin (IL-6, IL-10, dan TNF-α), dan serum kreatinin dikumpulkan pada hari pertama dan hari ketujuh perawatan. Kadar tersebut dapat diambil lebih awal jika pasien meninggal atau dipulangkan. Gagal ginjal akut didefinisikan sebagai penurunan kadar serum kreatinin atau penurunan jumlah urin yang keluar berdasarkan pedoman Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Korelasi antara perubahan kadar sitokin dan serum kreatinin dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman. Uji karakteristik operator penerima dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi peran prediktif sitokin pada kejadian GGA.

Hasil. Total subjek penelitian adalah sebanyak 43 pasien dengan rerata umur 59,3 tahun (SB 12,59) dan mayoritas laki-laki (74%). Insiden GGA didapatkan sebesar 7%. Perubahan serum kreatinin berkorelasi dengan perubahan kadar serum IL-10 (r= -0,343; p=0,024), tetapi tidak untuk IL-6 (r=-0,198; p=0,202) dan TNF-α (r=-0,129, p=0,409). Sementara itu kadar serum TNF-α pada hari pertama mampu memprediksi kejadian GGA pada hari ketujuh selama masa rawat inap (AUC 85%; p=0,045; IK 95%=0,737 – 0,963).

Kesimpulan. TNF-α pada hari pertama berpotensi sebagai prediktor kejadian GGA pada hari ketujuh pada pasien COVID-19 derajat sedang dan berat.

Kata Kunci: COVID-19, gagal ginjal akut, kreatinin, sitokin

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