"Gejala Neuropsikiatri Pasien HIV Setelah Menjalani Transisi Antiretrov" by Metra Adi Pratama, Rudi Putranto et al.
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Abstract

Introduction. Dolutegravir (DTG) is one of the effective antiretroviral therapies (ART) for suppressing HIV replication and has a favorable safety profile. However, reports regarding neuropsychiatric side effects, especially in patients transitioning from a nevirapine (NVP) regimen to dolutegravir, have started to emerge. This study aimed to describe the changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms before and after the transition from a NVP-based ARV regimen to DTG in HIV patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta.

Methods. This study employed a prospective cohort design involving 292 HIV patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who were transitioning from NVP to DTG regimen. Participants were monitored for six months, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using a modified HIV symptom index (mHSI). Data collection was conducted at the beginning of the transition (baseline) and during follow-up through interviews regarding HIV-related symptoms and ART.

Results. At the start of the study, 70.2% of participants reported at least one neuropsychiatric symptom, which increased to 80.1% after 6 months of transitioning to TLD. The most commonly reported symptoms were insomnia, headaches, and anxiety, with women reporting more symptoms than men. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in symptoms of sadness, headaches, and irritability (p < 0.01) after the transition to dtg.

Conclusions. Although DTG shows good viral suppression capabilities, significant neuropsychiatric side effects still arose, especially in patients with a history of mental disorders. Close monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms and adjustments to the ART regimen need to be carried out to improve the quality of life for HIV patients undergoing DTG therapy.

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan. Dolutegravir (DTG) merupakan salah satu terapi antiretrovirus (ARV) yang efektif untuk menekan replikasi HIV dan memiliki profil keamanan yang baik. Namun, laporan mengenai efek samping neuropsikiatri, terutama pada pasien yang beralih dari regimen nevirapin (NVP) ke DTG mulai muncul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perubahan gejala neuropsikiatri sebelum dan sesudah transisi dari regimen ARV berbasis NVP ke DTG pada pasien HIV di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta.

Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort prospektif yang melibatkan 292 pasien HIV di RSCM yang menjalani transisi ke regimen DTG. Partisipan dimonitor selama enam bulan, dan gejala neuropsikiatri dinilai menggunakan modifikasi HIV symptom index (mHSI). Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada awal transisi (baseline) dan saat follow-up melalui kuesioner mengenai gejala terkait HIV dan ARV.

Hasil. Pada awal penelitian, 70,2% partisipan melaporkan setidaknya satu gejala neuropsikiatri, yang meningkat menjadi 80,1% setelah enam bulan transisi ke DTG. Gejala yang paling sering dilaporkan adalah insomnia, sakit kepala, dan kecemasan, dengan perempuan melaporkan lebih banyak gejala dibandingkan laki-laki. Analisis statistik menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada gejala sedih, sakit kepala, dan iritabilitas (p < 0,01) setelah transisi ke DTG.

Kesimpulan. Meskipun DTG menunjukkan kemampuan supresi virus yang baik, efek samping neuropsikiatri yang signifikan tetap muncul, terutama pada pasien dengan riwayat gangguan mental. Pemantauan ketat terhadap gejala neuropsikiatri dan penyesuaian regimen ARV perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien HIV yang menjalani terapi DTG.

Kata Kunci: ARV, dolutegravir, HIV, neuropsikiatri, nevirapin

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