Abstract
Introduction. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on health, comprehensive studies are still needed to explore the factors affecting sarcopenia parameters, such as muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing sarcopenia parameters in the elderly, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2022 on elderly individuals (>60 years old) at the Geriatric Polyclinic, Moh. Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, selected through consecutive sampling. Muscle mass was measured using bioimpedance analysis, expressed in ASMI values; muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer; and physical performance was assessed using the five-time sit-to-stand test. The SARC-F score was classified as normal (<4) and abnormal (≥4). Data on age, gender, serum albumin levels, comorbidities, and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) scores were collected for correlation analysis and comparison with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance.
Results. Of the 41 subjects, the average age was 70.75 (SD 7) years, with 56.1% being female. All subjects had low muscle mass, with an average ASMI of 3.31 (SD 0.59) kg/m² in females and 4.89 (SD 1.06) kg/m² in males. The average muscle strength for females was 16.9 (SD 6.1) kg and for males 27.5 (SD 8.3) kg. The five-time sit-to-stand test result for females was 24.2 (SD 14.2) seconds and for males, 21.8 (SD 11.1) seconds. Based on SARC-F, 8 subjects (19.5%) were categorized as at risk for sarcopenia. Serum albumin levels for all subjects were within the normal range [4.3 (SD 0.3) g/dl]. Malnutrition was found in 14 subjects (34.1%) according to the MNA-SF results. Comorbidities were present in 35 patients. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between serum albumin levels and muscle strength (r=0.35; p=0.005) and physical performance (r=-0.5; p<0.001). Nutritional status had no significant effect on the three parameters, but it did significantly affect muscle mass in elderly males (p=0.002). Comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and musculoskeletal disorders, were not significantly related to any of the sarcopenia parameters.
Conclusions. Serum albumin is significantly associated with muscle strength and physical performance, while nutritional status is significantly associated with muscle mass in elderly males. Comorbidities were not significantly related to muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance in the elderly.
Bahasa Abstract
Pendahuluan. Meskipun prevalensinya tinggi dan berdampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan, masih diperlukan studi komprehensif yang mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi parameter sarkopenia, seperti massa otot, kekuatan otot, dan performa fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi parameter sarkopenia pada lansia, yang mencakup massa otot, kekuatan otot, dan performa fisik.
Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Juli - Desember 2022 terhadap lansia (>60 tahun) di Poliklinik Geriatri RSUP Moh. Hoesin, Palembang yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Pengukuran kekuatan massa otot dilakukan menggunakan analisis bioimpedansi dan ditampilkan dalam nilai ASMI, kekuatan otot menggunakan dinamometer genggam tangan, dan performa fisik menggunakan uji bangun dari kursi lima kali. Skor SARC-F diklasifikasikan sebagai normal (<4) dan abnormal (≥4). Data usia, jenis kelamin, kadar serum albumin, komorbiditas, dan skor Mini Nutritional Assessment SF (MNA-SF) diukur untuk dianalisis korelasi dan perbandingannya dengan massa otot, kekuatan otot, dan performa fisik.
Hasil. Dari total 41 subjek, didapatkan rerata usia 70,75 (SB 7) tahun dan 56,1% perempuan. Seluruh subjek memiliki massa otot rendah dengan rerata ASMI pada perempuan 3,31 (SB 0,59) kg/m2 dan 4,89 (SB 1,06) kg/m2 pada laki-laki. Rerata kekuatan otot pada perempuan 16,9 (SB 6,1) kg dan laki-laki 27,5 (8,3) kg, sedangkan hasil uji bangun dari kursi pada perempuan adalah 24,2 (SB 14,2) detik dan laki-laki 21,8 (SB 11,1) detik. Berdasarkan SARC-F, sebanyak 8 subjek (19,5%) dikategorikan berisiko sarkopenia. Kadar serum albumin seluruh subjek dalam batas normal [4,3 (SB 0,3) g/dl], malnutrisi ditemukan pada 14 (34,1%) subjek berdasarkan hasil MNA-SF. Subjek dengan komorbiditas didapatkan sebanyak 35 pasien. Uji statistik menunjukkan korelasi signifikan antara kadar serum albumin dengan kekuatan otot (r=0,35; p=0,005) dan performa fisik (r = -0,5; p<0,001). Status gizi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketiga parameter, namun berpengaruh signifikan terhadap massa otot pada lansia laki-laki (p=0,002). Sedangkan komorbiditas, termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes melitus non-insulin-dependent, dan gangguan muskuloskeletal tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan ketiga parameter sarkopenia.
Kesimpulan. Serum albumin berhubungan signifikan dengan kekuatan otot dan performa fisik, sementara status gizi berhubungan signifikan terhadap massa otot pada lansia laki-laki. Komorbiditas secara statistik tidak berhubungan signifikan terhadap massa otot, kekuatan otot, maupun performa fisik pada lansia.
Kata Kunci: Albumin, kekuatan otot, massa otot, performa fisik, sarkopenia
Recommended Citation
Riviati, Nur; Indrajaya, Taufik; Chodilawati, Rukiah; Dibyantari, Ridzqie; and Indra, Bima
(2025)
"Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Massa Otot, Kekuatan Otot, dan Performa Fisik pada Lansia,"
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia: Vol. 12:
Iss.
2, Article 2.
DOI: 10.7454/jpdi.v12i2.1743
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpdi/vol12/iss2/2
