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Abstract

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients have a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection, including the risk of drug- resistant (DR)-TB infection, compared to those without DM. Data on the characteristics of pulmonary DR-TB with DM in Indonesia are still very limited. The management of pulmonary DR-TB with DM should consider multiple factors, such as drug interactions between DM medication and anti-TB drugs, as well as potential exacerbation of DM complications by anti-TB drugs side effects. Effective management of pulmonary DR-TB patients with DM will improve treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of pulmonary DR-TB patients with type 2 DM at the DR-TB clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Bandung.

Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Bandung, during the period of January 2020 to May 2023. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and type 2 DM. The study included patients diagnosed with drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and type 2 DM who were aged 18 years or older. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods, and normality test was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

Results. The prevalence of pulmonary DR-TB cases with Type 2 DM was 11.17%. Out of a total of 82 samples, more than half had normal BMI (61.04%), diagnosed with MDR-TB (74.39%). The duration of Type 2 DM were in average between 1-5 years (53.16%), with an HbA1c value ≥7% in 94.20% of the patients. Infiltrates were found in 46.27% of radiological findings. Anemia was present in 54,88% of participants, with an average and standar deviation hemoglobin level of 12.15 (± 1.75) g/dL.

Conclusions. The prevalence of pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis with type 2 DM at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Bandung, is 11,17%. The majority of patients had uncontrolled type 2 DM (HbA1c ≥7%), normal BMI, positive sputum mycobacteriology, and the primary chest X-ray finding is infiltrate. Future studies are necessary to determine the clinical and treatment outcome of these patients.

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan. Pasien diabetes melitus (DM) memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap infeksi tuberkulosis (TB), termasuk TB resisten obat (TB-RO), dibandingkan mereka yang tidak menderita DM. Data mengenai karakteristik TB-RO paru dengan DM di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penanganan TB-RO paru dengan DM harus mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor, seperti interaksi antara obat DM dan obat anti-TB, serta potensi memperburuk komplikasi DM oleh efek samping obat anti-TB. Manajemen yang efektif terhadap pasien TB-RO paru dengan DM akan meningkatkan hasil pengobatan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi dan karakteristik pasien TB-RO paru dengan DM tipe 2 di klinik TB-RO Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung.

Metode. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di Klinik Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat (TB-RO) Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, selama periode Januari 2020 hingga Mei 2023. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien dengan tuberkulosis paru resisten obat dan DM tipe 2. Studi ini melibatkan pasien yang didiagnosis dengan tuberkulosis paru resisten obat dan DM tipe 2 yang berusia 18 tahun atau lebih. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif, dan uji normalitas dilakukan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

Hasil. Prevalensi kasus TB-RO paru dengan DM tipe 2 adalah 11,17%. Dari total 82 sampel, lebih dari setengahnya memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) normal (61,04%), didiagnosis dengan TB-MDR (74,39%). Durasi DM tipe 2 mayoritas antara 1-5 tahun (53,16%), dengan nilai HbA1c ≥7% pada 94,20% pasien. Infiltrat ditemukan pada 46,27% temuan radiologis. Anemia ditemukan pada 54,88% subjek, dengan rerata kadar hemoglobin 12,15 [simpang baku (SB) 1,75] g/dL.

Kesimpulan. Prevalensi tuberkulosis paru resisten obat dengan DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, adalah 11,17%. Mayoritas pasien memiliki DM tipe 2 yang tidak terkontrol (HbA1c ≥7%), IMT normal, sputum mikobakteriologi positif, dan temuan utama pada rontgen dada adalah infiltrat. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menentukan hasil klinis dan pengobatan pada pasien-pasien tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, karakteristik, tuberkulosis resisten obat, tuberkulosis paru

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