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Abstract

Prevalence of anemia in Indonesia based on Basic Health Research (2018) was 23.7%. Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia were pallor, malaise, palpitation, shortness of breath, headache, sore tongue. But sometimes can be found abnormal behavior in the form of PICA. This article reports on a-52-year-old man who sought medical treatment and was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia with pica manifestation. The pica manifestation was characterized by a repeated desire to consume raw rice due to bleeding from hemorrhoids. Patient was given oral iron replacement therapy contain 100 mg of Fe (III) hydroxide polymaltose complex and folic acid 0.35 mg alternating with vitamin C 500 mg daily. Total iron daily dose given were 200 mg, divided in two doses. The patient received dietary education and was advised to consult a Gastroenterohepatology Subspecialist for the management of hemorrhoids, but it has not been done yet. The desire for raw rice consumption disappeared and the hemoglobin level increased to 12.4 g/dL after six weeks of therapy. The patient continued to take iron supplements until January 2023 but did not have follow-up visits to the clinic. In January 2023, the patient underwent hemorrhoid surgery due to bleeding accompanied by and a non-reducible lump that had been present for three days. Iron supplements continued for one month post-operation and then discontinued. The latest hemoglobin level was 15.3 g/dL without iron supplements. The symptoms of pica in this patient disappeared along with an increased hemoglobin level, and the management of severe anemia in this patient showed an adequate response. Bleeding has never occurred again after the surgery. Curative measures for hemorrhoidal bleeding are crucial, while iron supplementation is only a supportive therapy.

Bahasa Abstract

Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018, prevalensi anemia di Indonesia adalah 23,7%. Gejala anemia defisiensi besi pada umumnya adalah pucat, lemas, berdebar, nafas terasa pendek, sakit kepala, dan rasa nyeri di lidah, namun dapat juga ditemui kebiasaan yang abnormal dalam bentuk pica. Artikel ini melaporkan pria berusia 52 tahun yang berobat pada Oktober 2021 dan didiagnosis anemia defisensi besi dengan manifestasi pica berupa keinginan konsumsi beras mentah secara berulang sejak 2006 yang dicetuskan oleh perdarahan akibat hemoroid. Pasien mendapatkan terapi zat besi oral berisi besi 100 mg (III) hydroxide polymaltose complex dan asam folat 0,35 mg yang diberikan secara berselang seling dengan vitamin C 500 mg. Total dosis harian besi oral adalah 200 mg dengan dosis terbagi dua kali. Pasien mendapatkan edukasi pola makan dan disarankan untuk berkonsultasi ke Subspesialis Gastroenterohepatologi untuk tata laksana hemoroid, namun belum dilakukan. Keinginan mengonsumsi beras mentah menghilang dan kadar hemoglobin meningkat menjadi 12,4 g/dL setelah enam minggu terapi. Pasien masih mengonsumsi suplemen besi sampai Januari 2023 namun tidak kontrol ke klinik. Pada Januari 2023, pasien menjalani operasi hemoroid oleh karena terjadi perdarahan akibat hemoroid disertai benjolan yang tidak dapat dimasukkan kembali selama tiga hari. Suplemen besi dilanjutkan sampai satu bulan pasca operasi lalu dihentikan. Kadar hemoglobin terakhir adalah 15,3 g/dL tanpa suplemen besi. Gejala pica pada pasien ini menghilang seiring dengan kadar hemoglobin yang meningkat dan tata laksana anemia gravis pada pasien ini menunjukkan respons yang adekuat. Perdarahan tidak pernah terjadi lagi setelah operasi. Tindakan kuratif pada perdarahan akibat hemoroid merupakan hal yang penting, sedangkan suplemen zat besi hanya merupakan terapi suportif.

Kata Kunci: Anemia defisiensi besi, beras mentah, pica

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