Abstract
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on life where sufferers can experience emotional problems such as despair, deep sadness, helplessness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Especially in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors, there are sequelae in the form of anxiety, depression, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD experienced by COVID-19 survivors will affect the patient’s quality of life in the future. This study aimed to assess the risk of PTSD in COVID-19 survivors who had been hospitalized at Andalas University Hospital.
Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among COVID-19 survivors aged ≥15 years who had been hospitalized at Andalas University Hospital. Samples were selected by using total sampling method with inclusion criteria included experiencing mild, severe, or critical clinical symptoms during COVID-19 infection, being discharged from Andalas University Hospital for six months or more, and willing to participate in the study by signing an informed consent. Samples who have met the inclusion criteria completed the Bahasa Indonesia version of PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) questionnaire which has been tested for its validity and reliability. Respondents were categorized as having PTSD risk if the questionnaire results showed a score of ≥23. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using univariate analysis.
Results. A total of 75 respondents were included in the study, of which 9.3% (7) were found to be potentially or at risk of PTSD. The group of respondents who were at risk of PTSD was mostly comprised of females, and all of them experienced the four PTSD symptoms (intrusion/re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and hyperarousal). The most common trigger that causes PTSD among respondents was the experience of a previous life-threatening traumatic event (71.43%). In addition, the most frequent clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in the PTSD risk group were severe clinical symptoms (71.43%).
Conclusions. COVID-19 survivors who have the potential to experience PTSD are predominantly female survivors with severe clinical symptoms, experiencing all four PTSD symptoms, and having a traumatic life-threatening experience during COVID-19 hospitalization.
Keywords: COVID-19 survivors, hospitalization, risk of PTSD
Bahasa Abstract
Pendahuluan. Pandemi COVID-19 membawa dampak negatif dalam kehidupan dimana penderita dapat mengalami masalah emosional seperti putus asa, kesedihan yang mendalam, ketidakberdayaan, kecemasan, dan gejala depresi. Khususnya pada penyintas COVID-19 rawat inap ditemukan gejala sisa berupa kecemasan, depresi, dan Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Kondisi PTSD yang dialami oleh penyintas COVID-19 akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita selanjutnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran risiko PTSD pada penyintas COVID-19 yang pernah dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas.
Metode. Studi deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada penyintas COVID-19 berusia ≥15 tahun yang pernah dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas yang dipilih dengan metode total sampling. Kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu memiliki gejala klinis sedang, berat, atau kritis saat terinfeksi COVID-19, sudah 6 bulan atau lebih keluar dari Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas, dan bersedia menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian dengan menandatangani informed consent. Sampel yang telah memenuhi kriteria kemudian mengisi kuesioner PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM) versi Bahasa Indonesia yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Responden dikategorikan memiliki risiko PTSD apabila hasil kuesioner menunjukkan skor ≥23. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis univariat.
Hasil. Dari total 75 responden, ditemukan sebanyak 9,3% (7) responden berpotensi atau berisiko PTSD. Responden yang berpotensi PTSD didominasi oleh perempuan dan seluruhnya mengalami keempat gejala PTSD (intrusion/re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, dan hyperarousal). Pemicu terbanyak yang menyebabkan timbulnya PTSD pada responden adalah adanya pengalaman kejadian traumatis yang mengancam jiwa yang telah dilalui sebelumnya (71,43%). Sedangkan, gejala klinis COVID-19 yang terbanyak pada kelompok berisiko PTSD adalah gejala klinis berat (71,43%).
Kesimpulan. Penyintas COVID-19 yang berisiko mengalami PTSD terutama pada penderita perempuan dengan gejala klinis berat, dengan empat gejala PTSD, serta memiliki pengalaman traumatis yang mengancam jiwa saat dirawat karena COVID-19.
Kata Kunci: Penyintas COVID-19, rawat inap, risiko PTSD
Recommended Citation
Wahyuni, Sri; Widya Murni, Arina; Indra, Beni; Gusya Liza, Rini; Koerniati, Isnindiah; and Sauma, Eldi
(2023)
"Gambaran Risiko Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) pada Penyintas COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas,"
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia: Vol. 10:
Iss.
1, Article 7.
DOI: 10.7454/jpdi.v10i1.1032
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpdi/vol10/iss1/7