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Abstract

Introduction. As many as 76.6% of patients aged 60 years and above (elderly) are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition based on MNA within the first 48 hours of hospital admission. The prevalence of malnutrition varies widely depending on the population studied, the healthcare setting and the tools used for the assessment. To date, SGA is widely used in the diagnosis of malnutrition for adults and MNA for elderly patients. Recently, experts proposed empirical consensus of GLIM criteria for determining the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of GLIM criteria as a new consensus in determining the diagnosis of malnutrition in comparison to MNA as a semi-gold standard for nutritional assessment in the elderly.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022 on 103 consecutively recruited elderly patients aged ≥60 years in the Internal Medicine Wards at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia.

Results. There were 91.3%, 57.3% and 54.4% malnourished elderly patients upon admission to the hospital, based on GLIM criteria, MNA-SF and MNA-LF, respectively. GLIM has good accuracy compared to both MNA-SF and MNA-LF, as long as the category of malnourished in MNA is a combination of malnutrition and at risk of malnutrition. GLIM had 97.9% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, AUC 0.93, 98.9% PPV, 77.8% NPV, 7.83 positive LR and 0.02 negative LR towards MNA-SF, and a sensitivity value of 98.9%, specificity 88.9%, AUC 0.94, PPV 98.9%, NPV 88.9%, positive LR 8.91, and negative LR 0.01 towards MNA-LF.

Conclusion. GLIM showed good diagnostic accuracy to determine nutritional status in the elderly, especially upon admission to the hospital, so that appropriate early nutritional interventions can be given.

Keywords: diagnostic performance, elderly, GLIM, malnutrition, MNA

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan. Sebanyak 76,6% pasien berusia ≥60 tahun atau lanjut usia (lansia) mengalami malnutrisi atau berisiko malnutrisi berdasarkan Malnutrition Nutritional Assessment (MNA) dalam 48 jam pertama setelah masuk rumah sakit. Perkiraan prevalensi malnutrisi sangat bervariasi tergantung pada populasi yang diteliti, tempat layanan kesehatan, dan alat yang digunakan untuk penilaiannya. Selama ini, Subjective Global Assessmet (SGA) banyak digunakan dalam diagnosis malnutrisi untuk pasien dewasa dan MNA untuk pasien lansia. Terkini, para pakar terkait merumuskan kriteria Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) untuk mendiagnosis malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa diagnostik GLIM sebagai konsensus baru dalam menentukan diagnosis malnutrisi dibandingkan dengan MNA sebagai standar semi-emas untuk pengkajian gizi pada lansia.

Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan sejak Januari hingga April 2022 terhadap 103 pasien lansia berusia ≥60 tahun yang masuk ruang perawatan penyakit dalam Instalasi Pelayanan Rawat Inap Terpadu Gedung A Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia dan direkrut secara consecutive sampling.

Hasil. Berdasarkan kriteria GLIM, MNA-SF, dan MNA-LF, berturut-turut terdapat 91,3%, 57,3%, dan 54,4% pasien lansia yang mengalami malnutrisi saat masuk perawatan rumah sakit. GLIM mempunyai performa yang baik dibandingkan dengan MNA, baik MNA-SF maupun MNA-LF, selama penetapan kategori malnutrisi pada MNA adalah penggabungan malnutrisi dan berisiko malnutrisi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan GLIM mempunyai nilai sensitivitas 97,9%, spesifisitas 87,5%, AUC 0,93, NDP 98,9%, NDN 77,8%, RKP 7,83, dan RKN 0,02 terhadap MNA-SF; serta nilai sensitivitas 98,9%, spesifisitas 88,9%, AUC 0,94, NDP 98,9%, NDN 88,9%, RKP 8,91, dan RKN 0,01 terhadap MNA-LF.

Kesimpulan. GLIM memiliki performa diagnostik yang baik untuk menentukan status gizi pada lansia, terutama saat masuk perawatan di rumah sakit, sehingga intervensi gizi yang tepat dapat diberikan sejak dini.

Kata Kunci: GLIM, lansia, malnutrisi, MNA, performa diagnostik

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