JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA
Abstract
The number of male journalists still dominates the media industries, either print or electronic. This phenomenon also happens in local print media. This condition does not give positive opportunities to female journalists to improve their career to a top position in editorial management. This research focuses on female journalists’ experiences as an editorial management staff of a local print media in Semarang. This research has a main objective to describe significances of the female journalists’ experiences. This qualitative descriptive research used a critical constructionism paradigm as a general guidance to the whole research processes with a critical phenomenology research design. A gender structuration theory was used to understand the phenomenon. Research subjects were four female journalists of a local print media in Semarang who were chosen purposively. All subjects were editorial management staff. Data was analyzed by phenomenological procedures. The result showed that a naturalization of masculinism process took place on female journalist in a local media as part of daily professional activities. All female journalists had to absorb masculinism values as media culture such as courageous, independent, responsible, taking risk, leadership and getting perfection in their professional activities as part of their new personal attribute. Although female journalist adopted the masculinism values such as leadership in the editorial management, they applied female journalism values to be resistant to the dominant ideology. It is suggested to develop internal media policy which can be conducive to female journalists to improve naturally in egalitarian organization.
References
Anonimous. (2004). Hak-hak Perempuan: Instrumen Hukum untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan Gender. Jakarta: Convention Watch, Pusat Kajian Wanita dan Gender UI dan Yayasan Obor Indonesia
Beam, R. A., & Di Cicco, D. T. (2010). When Women Run the Newsroom: Management Change, Gender, and the News. Journalism and Mass Communication Quartley.87(2), 393-411.DOI: 10.1177/107769901008700211. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107769901008700211 accessed at 21/01/2020/10.29 AM
Beritasatu. (2020).”Pekerja Perempuan di Media Massa Masih Banyak Alami Diskriminasi”. Retrieved from https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/353795-pekerja-perempuan-di-media-massa-masih-banyak-alami-diskriminasiaccessed at 06/05/2020/01.00 AM
Connel, R.W. (1987). Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics. California: Stanford University Press.
Correa, T., & Harp, D. (2011). Women Matter in Newsrooms: How Power and Critical Mass Relate to the Coverage of the HPV Vaccine.
Journalism and Mass Communication Quartley, 88(2), 301-319. DOI: 10.1177/107769901108800205. Retrieved from https://journals.
sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107769901108800205 accessed at 21/01/2020/10.39 AM
Dartiningsih, B. E., & Julijanti, D. M.. (2009). Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Birokrasi Pemerintahan di Kabupaten Bangkalan Madura.
Dalam Sisparyadi (Ed.), Kepemimpinan yang Berperspektif Gender (hal. 59-65). Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Wanita Universitas Gadjah Mada
Dukas, C. J. (2014). A Feminist Phenomenological Description of Depression in Low-Income South African Women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Everbach, T. (2006). The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper: An Ethnographic Study of the Sarasota Herald-Tribune.Journalism and Mass Communication Quartley, 83(3), 477-493. DOI: 10.1177/107769900608300301. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107769900608300301accessed21/01/2020/10.35AM
Gamble, T. K., & Gamble, M. (2005). Communication Works (8th ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.: Boston
Giddens, A. (1986a). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Giddens, A. (1986b). Central Problems in Social Research: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press
Golding, P. & Murdock, G. (1991). Culture, Communications and Political Economy. James Curran & Michael Gurevitch (Eds.). Mass Media and Society (pp. 15-32). London: Edward Arnold
Murdock, G. & Golding,P. (1995). “For a political economy of mass communications”. Oliver Boyd-Barrett & Chris Newbold (Eds.). Approaches to Media: A Reader (pp. 201-215). London: Foundations in Media
MNC. 2020. Retrieved April 15. Retrieved from https://www.mncgroup.com/page/about/organization-structure
Heiner, R. (2006). Social Problems: An Introduction to Critical Constructionism (2nd ed.).New York: Oxford University Press.
Herrick, D. F. (2003). Media Management In the Age of Giants: Business Dynamics of Journalism. Iowa: Iowa State Press
Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C, & Curphy, G. J. (2012). Leadership: Memperkaya Pelajaran dari Pengalaman (Leadership: Enhancing the Lesson of Experience)(7th ed.). Putri Iva Izzati (Translator). Jakarta: Salemba Humanika
Humm, M. (1989). The Dictionary of Feminist Theory (2nd ed.). Columbus: Ohio State University Press
Jatiningsih, O. (2009). The Glass Ceiling dalam Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Perempuan di Tiga Jenjang Sekolah Negeri di Surabaya. Dalam Sisparyadi (Ed.), Kepemimpinan yang Berperspektif Gender (hal. 264-272). Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Wanita Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jellal, M., Nordman, C.J, and Wolff, F-C. (2006). Theory and Evidence on the Glass Ceiling Effect Using Matched Workerfirm Data. Retrieved from http://www.dial.ird.fr/media/ird-sites-d-unites-de-recherche/dial/documents/publications/doc_travail/2006/2006-03 accessed 18/05/16.41 PM
Kim, K, & Yoon, Y. (2009). The Influence of Journalists’ Gender on Newspaper Stories about Women Cabinet Members in South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 19(3), 289-301. DOI:10.1080/01292980903039004. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01292980903039004?scroll=top&needAccess=trueaccessed 28/01/2020/8.50 AM
Kaye, M. (1994). Communication Management. Sydney: Prentice Hall
Kellner, D. (2015). Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture. In Gail Dines & Jean M. Humez (Eds.)(pp. 7-19), Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Critical Reader (4th edition). Los Angeles: Sage Publications
Krolokke, C. & Sorensen, A. S. (2006). Gender Communication Theories & Analyses: From Silence to Performance.Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2005). Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences. In Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S.
Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed) (pp. 191-216). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications
Lueck, T. L., & Chang, H. (2002). Tribune’s ‘Womennews’ Gives Voice to Women’s Issues. NRJ Newspaper Research Journal. 23(1), 59-72
Luviana. (2012). Jejak Jurnalis Perempuan: Pemetaan Kondisi Kerja Jurnalis Perempuan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit AJI.
Melancon, J. (2014). Thinking Corporally, Socially, and Politically: Critical Phenomenological after Merleau-Ponty and Bourdieu. Bulletin d’analyse Phenomenologique, X(8). Retrieved fromhttp://popups. ulg.ac.be/1782-2041/@2014Ulg BAP
Miller, K. (2015). Organizational Communication: Approaches and Processes (7th Ed.). Stamford,USA: Cengage Learning
Mosco,V. (2009). The Political Economy of Communication (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications
Murdock, G., & Golding, P. (1995). For a political economy of mass communications. In Oliver Boyd-Barrett & Chris Newbold (Eds.). Approaches to Media: A Reader (pp. 201-215) London: Foundations in Media
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenology Research Method. California: Sage Publications
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Kepemimpinan: Teori dan Praktek (Leadership: Theory and Practice) (6th ed.). Ati Cahayani (Translator). Jakarta: Indeks
PT. Media Nusantara Citra Tbk. (2020). Struktur Organisasi. Retrieved from https://www.mncgroup.com/page/about/organization-structure accessed at 21/01/2020/13.54 AM
Riauwati. (2009). Kepemimpinan Berperspektif Gender pada Bidang Politik di Maluku Utara. Dalam Sisparyadi (Ed.), Kepemimpinan yang Berperspektif Gender (hal. 66-73). Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Wanita Universitas Gadjah Mada
Richmond-Abbott, M. (1992). Masculine & Feminine: Gender Roles Over The Life Cycle (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Rodny-Gumede, Y. (2015). Male and Female Journalists’ Perceptions of Their Power to Influence News Agenda and Public Discourses.
Communicatio. South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research. 41(2), 206-219. Retrieved from DOI:10.1080/02500167.2015.1066409. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ abs/10.1080/02500167.2015.1066409?src=recsys accessed at 28/01/2020/8.54 AM
Ross, K. (2001). Women at Work: Journalism as En-gendered Pracitice. Journalism Studies, 2(4), 531-544. Retrieved from DOI: 10.1080/14616700120086404. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233526591_Women_at_Work_Journalism_as_en-gendered_practice accessed 18/05/2020/17.09 PM
Seshu, G. (2014). The Stories Women Journalists Tell: Women in Media in South Asia. A report from the South Asia Media Freedom and Solidarity Project (SAMSN). International Federation of Journalist (IFJ). Retrieved from File:///D:/Downloads/2014_South_Asia_Women_in_Media_Report_-_The_Stories_Women_Tell.pdf accessed at 21/01/2020/11.31 AM
Simon, S., & Hoyt, C. L. (2012). Exploring the Effect of Media Images on Women’s Leadership Self-Perceptions and Aspirations. Journal of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 16(2), 232-245. DOI: 10.1177/1368430212451176. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256486332_Exploring_the_effect_of_media_images_on_women’s_leadership_self-perceptions_and_aspirations accessed at 22/01/2020/9.52AM Stellarosa, Y. & Silaban, M. W. (2018). Perempuan, Media dan Profesi Jurnalis. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi.16(3), 282-294. September-Desember 2018. Retrieved from file:///D:/Downloads/3209- 7393-1-SM%20(1).pdf accessed at 12/04/2020/15.15 PM
Sunarto. (2009). Televisi, Kekerasan dan Perempuan. Jakarta: Kompas-Gramedia
Sunarto. (2014). Maskulinisasi Pekerja Wanita dalam Industri Media. Dalam Rajab Ritonga (Ed.), Jurnalisme Profesional dan Literasi Media (hal. 280-295). Jakarta: Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia (ISKI).
Sunarto. (2019). Jurnalis Perempuan dalam Organisasi Redaksi dan Jurnalisme. Jurnal Dewan Pers. 19, 17-25
Tong, R. (1989). Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction. Boulder: Westview Press
Unger, R., & dan Crawford, M. (1992). Women and Gender: A Feminist Psychology. United States of America: McGrawHill.
Volz, Y. Z., & and Lee, F. L. F. (2010). What Does It Take for Women Journalists to Gain Professional Recognition?: Gender Disparities among Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1917-2010.Journalism and Mass Communication Quartley. 90(2), 248-266.DOI: 10.1177/1077699013482908. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077699013482908 accessed at 21/01/2020/10.33AM
Wolffensperger, J. (1991). Engendered Structure: Giddens and the Conceptualization of Gender. In Kathy Davis & Colleagues (eds.), The Gender of Power (pp. 87-110). London: Sage Publications
Recommended Citation
Sunarto, Sunarto
(2020)
"Naturalization of Masculinism: How Female Journalist Leaders in Local Media Resist it,"
JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA: Vol. 9:
No.
1, Article 2.
DOI: 10.7454/jki.v9i1.11983
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jkmi/vol9/iss1/2
Included in
Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, International and Intercultural Communication Commons, Social Influence and Political Communication Commons