•  
  •  
 

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Abstract

Strategi hypermedia dalam kontestasi politik digunakan untuk mempromosikan program-program pengetahuan politik baik oleh kandidat maupun partai kepada masyarakat untuk mempertahankan hak dan kewajiban kewarganegaraan. Pengetahuan politik seseorang dapat meningkatkan tingkat partisipasi politik mereka, yang diperlukan untuk menilai kualitas kandidat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kesadaran dan keterlibatan kandidat politik dengan pemilih. Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi politik kandidat dalam membangun pesan kampanye, menarik pemilih yang ditargetkan, dan merangsang partisipasi politik komunitas melalui platform Instagram. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis 80.328 posting media sosial. Penelitian menemukan bahwa tidak semua kandidat menyadari manfaat dari melibatkan pemilih yang ditargetkan di akun Instagram.

The hypermedia strategy in political contest is used to promote the programs of political knowledge by both candidates and parties to the society in order to maintain the citizenship rights and obligations. It is argued that one’s basic political knowledge can increase their level of political participation, which is necessary to assess candidates’ quality. The purpose of this study is to look at political candidates’ awareness and engagement with the voters. The research focuses on the candidate’s political strategy in constructing campaign message, attracting targeted voters, and stimulating the political participation of the community through Instagram platform. This research was conducted by analyzing 80,328 social media posts. The research finds that not all candidates were aware of the benefits of engaging targeted voters on Instagram account.

References

Badawy, A., Ferrara, E., & Lerman, K. (2018). Analyzing the Digital Traces of Political Manipulation: The 2016 Russian Interference Twitter Campaign.

Bale, T. (2016, June 28). “Jezza’s Bezzas: Labour’s New Members". Retrieved May 28, 2018, from The Huffington Post,: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tim-%ADbale/jeremy-%ADcorbyn-labour-%ADmembership_b_10713634.html

bbc.com. (2018, February 26). Trump's campaign promises - has he delivered on them? Retrieved from bbc.com: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000

Bimber, B. (2014). “Digital Media in the Obama Campaigns of 2008 and 2012: Adaptation to the Personalized Political Communication Environment,”. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, vol. 11, no. 2, 130–150.

Bode, L. (2016). Political news in the news feed : Learning politics in social media . Mass communication and society vol 19 no.1, 24-48.

Boulianne, S. (2015). Social Media Use and Participation : A Meta Analysis of Current Research. Information Communication and Society 8, 524-538.

Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation : A meta-analysis of current research. Information, communication and society vol. 18 no 5, 524-538.

Castells, M. (2009). Communication Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

cnn.com. (2018, February 23). Trump stands by campaign pledge of building wall, blames Democrats for stalled immigration debate. Retrieved from cnn.com: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/politics/trump-immigration-cpac-speech-wall/index.html

Delli Carpini, M. X. (1996). What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters,. New Haven: Yale University Press.

economist.com. (2018, April 05). The Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index. Retrieved from www.economist.com: https://infographics.economist.com/2018/DemocracyIndex/

Fisher, S. H.-P. (2008). “Disengaging Voters: Do Plurality Systems Discourage the Less Knowledgeable from Voting?,”. Electoral Studies, vol. 27, no. 1, March,, 89–104.

Fisher, S. H.-P. (2008). “Disengaging Voters: Do Plurality Systems Discourage the Less Knowledgeable from Voting?,”. Electoral Studies, vol. 27, no. 1, March,, 89–104.

forbes.com. (2012, November 15). How Cloud Computing Helped Obama Win the Presidential Election. Retrieved from forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/reuvencohen/2012/11/15/how-cloud-computing-helped-obama-win-the-presidential-election/#5281a3d25251

Frommer, D. (2010, Nov 1). Here's how to use Instagram. Retrieved May 26, 2018, from www.bussinessinsider.com: http://www.businessinsider.com/instagram-2010-11/?IR=T

Gibson, R. K. (2003). “Election Campaigning on the WWW in the US and UK: A Comparative Analysis". Party Politics, vol. 9, no. 1, 47–76.

Hacker, K. L., & Dijk, J. A. (2001). Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice. London: SAGE.

Haryanto, A. T. (2018, Jan 24). Pembangunan BTS di Daerah Terpencil Makin Gencar. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from www.detik.com: https://inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-3831095/pembangunan-bts-di-daerah-terpencil-makin-gencar

Highfield, T. (2015). Depicting social television on instagram: Visual social media, participation, and audience experiences of #sbseurovision. Presented at the international communication Association conference.

Hoven, E. B. (2015). Breaking the filter bubble: democracy and design. Ethics Inf Technol, 249-265.

HOWARD, P. N. (2016). Political Communication, Computational Propaganda, and Autonomous Agents. International journal of commnication 10, 4882-4890.

Howard, P. N., & Gillian Bolsover, e. a. (2017). Junk News and Bots during the U.S. Election: What Were Michigan Voters Sharing Over Twitter? COMPROP DATA MEMO 2017.1.

Howard, P. N., & Kollanyi, B. (2016). Bots, #StrongerIn, and #Brexit: Computational Propaganda during the UK-EU Referendum. COMPROP RESEARCH NOTE 2016.1.

Howard, S. W. (2016a). Social media, revolution, and the rise of the political bot. In P. Robinson, P. Seib, & R. Frohlich (Eds.), Routledge handbook of media, conflict, and security, 282-292.

instagram. (2018). Pusat Bantuan. Retrieved May 30, 2018, from www.instagram.com: https://help.instagram.com/400205900081854

Jason Gainous, K. W. (2016). "Internet freedom and social media effects: democracy and citizen attitudes in Latin America". Online Information Review, Vol. 40 Issue: 5, 712-738.

katadata.co.id. (2017, Aug 29). Pengguna Ponsel Indonesia Mencapai 142% dari Populasi. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from www.katadata.co.id: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2017/08/29/pengguna-ponsel-indonesia-mencapai-142-dari-populasi

Kemendagri. (2018). Daftar Daerah yang Melaksanakan Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from www.kemendagri.go.id: http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/CMS/Images/InfoOTDA/Daftar%20Daerah%20yang%20Melakukan%20Pilkada%20Serentak%20Tahun%202018.pdf

Kitchin, R. (2013). Big data and human geography: Opportunities, challenges and risks. Dialogues in Human Geography 3(3), 262–267.

Kominfo, K. (2017). Survey penggunaan TIK 2017 serta implikasinya terhadap aspek sosial budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Pusat penelitian dan pengembangan aplikasi informatika dan informasi dan komunikasi publik.

Kuklinski, J. H. (2000). “Misinformation and the Currency of Democratic Citizenship. Journal of Politics, vol. 62, no. 3, 790–816.

L.E. Buffardi, &. W. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34, 1303-1314.

Marcus, S. (2015). Picturing'ourselves into being: assessing identity, sociality and visuality on Instagram. Presented at the international communication association conferrence. Puerto Rico: San Juan.

Margetts, H. J. (2015). Political Turbulence: How Social Media Shape Collective Action. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Mosca, L. V. (2015). “An Internet Fuelled Party? The Movemento 5 Stelle and the Web,” in Tronconi, F. In B. Grillo, Five Star Movement: Organization, Communication and Ideology (pp. 127-151). London: Routledge. Retrieved May 28, 2018

Norquay, G. (2008). “Organizing without Organization: The Obama Networking Revolution,”. Policy Option , 58-61.

Nurhasim, M. (2014). Partisipasi Pemilih Pada Pemilu 2014 : Studi Penjajakan. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from www.kpu.go.id: http://www.kpu.go.id/koleksigambar/Partisipasi_Pemilih_pada_Pemilu_2014_Studi_Penjajakan.pdf

Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. New York: Penguin Press.

Pavica Sheldon, K. B. (2016). Instagram : Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computer and Human Behaviour 58, 89-97.

Pfeifer, D. (2018). Yes We (Still) Can : Politics in The Age of Obama, Twitter, and trump. NY: Hachete Book Group.

Press, G. (2014, September 19). It’s official: The Internet of things takes over big data as the most hyped technology. Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2014/08/18/its-official-the-internet-of-things-takes-over-big-data-as-the-most-hyped-technology/&refURL=&referrer=

Samuel C. Woolley, P. N. (2017). Computational Propaganda Worldwide: Executive Summary. Working Paper No. 2017.11.

Saputra, M. D. (2017, Aug 25). Peta Politik dan Dinamika Pilkada Jawa Barat 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from www.tempo.co: https://indonesiana.tempo.co/read/115787/2017/08/25/dudisaputra/peta-politik-dan-dinamika-pilkada-jawa-barat-2018

Sari, C. W. (2017, Okt 17). 97 Persen Pengguna Internet di Bandung Barat Hanya Akses Media Sosial. Retrieved May 30, 2018, from www.pikiran-rakyat.com: http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/bandung-raya/2017/10/30/97-persen-pengguna-internet-di-bandung-barat-hanya-akses-media-sosial-412634

Setiawan, S. R. (2018, Feb 19). Tahun 2017, Pengguna Internet di Indonesia Mencapai 143,26 Juta Orang. Retrieved May 30, 2018, from www.kompas.com: https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/02/19/161115126/tahun-2017-pengguna-internet-di-indonesia-mencapai-14326-juta-orang

statista.com. (2018, April 04). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 4th quarter 2017 (in millions). Retrieved from statista.com: https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/

Steven Levitsky, L. A. (2010). Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press.

Stroud, N. J. (2017). Selective Exposure Theories. The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication.

Sudibyo, A. (2018, April 04). Eksploitasi Privasi Pengguna Media Sosial. Harian kompas : Opini, p. 7.

Sustain, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

theguardian.com. (2018, March 18). ‘I made Steve Bannon’s psychological warfare tool’: meet the data war whistleblower . Retrieved from www.theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/data-war-whistleblower-christopher-wylie-faceook-nix-bannon-trump

theguardian.com. (2018, March 22). Steve Bannon on Cambridge Analytica: 'Facebook data is for sale all over the world'. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/22/steve-bannon-on-cambridge-analytica-facebook-data-is-for-sale-all-over-the-world

theguardian.com. (2018, January 06). Trump claims Mexico will pay for wall – day after seeking $18bn from Congress. Retrieved from theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/06/donald-trump-mexico-border-wall-funding

thenytimes.com. (2017, September 25). Supreme Court Cancels Hearing on Previous Trump Travel Ban. Retrieved from thenytimes.com: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/25/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html

Tien T. Nguyen, P. M. (2014). Exploring the filter bubble: The effect of using recommender systems on content diversity. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web, 677-686.

Vaccari, C. (2010). “Technology Is a Commodity: The Internet in the 2008 United States Presidential Election,”. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, vol. 7, no. 4,, 318–339.

vanHeerde-Hudson, J. (2018). Political Knowledge : Measurement, misinformation and turnout. The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion, 368-382.

Viner, K. (2016, Jul 12). How technology disrupted the truth. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from www.theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/12/how-technology-disrupted-the-truth

Wagner, K. (2015, Jan 9). Instagram is the fastest growing major social network. Retrieved May 26, 2018, from www.recode.net: https://www.recode.net/2015/1/9/11557626/instagram-is-the-fastest-growing-major-social-network

Wells, C. R. (2009). “Information Distortion and Voting Choices: The Origins and Effects of Factual Beliefs in Initiative Elections,”. Political Psychology, vol. 30, no. 6,, 956–969.

www.detik.com. (2018, Maret 27). PM india dituduh sebarkan data warganya lewat aplikasi ke AS. Retrieved April 03, 2018, from www.internasional.detik.com: https://detik.com/news/internasional/d-3938322/pm-india-dituduh-sebarkan-data-warganya-lewat-aplikasi-ke-as

zeng, j. (2016). China’s date with big data: will it strengthen or threaten authoritarian rule? International Affairs 92:6, 1443-1462.

Share

COinS