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JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Abstract

As the front line of detection of patients infected with Covid-19, doctors have a high risk of transmission. However, doctors’ ability to provide proper communication with a unique medical interview process and persuasion of health context is needed. Patients can be open and honest about the illness symptoms and get the required information as prevention. This study aimed to determine doctor-patient communication changes and how information can reduce doctors’ risks of infection. Then, this research also aimed to know how the information from health communication to patients and their families can increase awareness toward the outbreak, change patients’ behavior, and likewise build a resilient society. As a qualitative case study, through semi-structured interviews with fourteen general practitioners of the Emergency Department and fourteen patients, we constructed some barriers and opportunities when doctors gave patients information about Covid-19 and figured out how it could be influence behavior. The attitudes and communication behaviors of doctors underwent several modifications, namely changes in the premedical examination, anamnesis, providing information, verification of information, and a tendency to change the relationship from mutualistic to paternalistic-informative. Provision of knowledge through information was carried out in a balanced way between risk and prevention so that patients behaved according to medical advice. Changes in community behavior indicated a difference in the community’s lifestyle, although it has not yet been consistent, to become a resilient, adaptive, and preventive community against pandemics. This paper provided findings for health communication value and offered useful suggestions for general practitioners, especially by educating vulnerable people during catastrophic events such as Covid-19.

Bahasa Abstract

Sebagai garda terdepan pendeteksian pasien yang terinfeksi Covid-19, dokter memiliki risiko penularan yang tinggi. Namun, diperlukan kemampuan dokter untuk memberikan komunikasi yang tepat dengan proses wawancara medis yang unik dan persuasi dalam konteks kesehatan. Sehingga pasien dapat terbuka dan jujur tentang gejala penyakit dan mendapatkan informasi yang diperlukan sebagai pencegahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan komunikasi dokter-pasien dan bagaimana informasi dapat mengurangi risiko dokter terinfeksi. Selanjutnya, dengan menyampaikan komunikasi kesehatan kepada pasien dan keluarganya bagaimana informasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan kesadaran akan wabah, mengubah perilaku pasien, bahkan membangun masyarakat yang tangguh. Sebagai sebuah studi kasus kualitatif, melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan empat belas dokter umum di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan empat belas pasien, kami membangun beberapa hambatan dan peluang ketika dokter memberikan informasi kepada pasien terkait Covid-19 dan mencari tahu bagaimana hal itu dapat memengaruhi perilaku. Sikap dan perilaku komunikasi dokter mengalami beberapa modifikasi, yaitu perubahan pemeriksaan pramedis, anamnesis, pemberian informasi, pembuktian informasi, dan kecenderungan untuk merubah hubungan dari mutualistik menjadi paternalistik-informatif. Pemberian pengetahuan melalui informasi dilakukan secara seimbang antara risiko dan pencegahan agar pasien berperilaku sesuai anjuran medis. Perubahan perilaku masyarakat yang terjadi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan gaya hidup masyarakat, meskipun belum konsisten, menjadi masyarakat yang lebih tangguh, adaptif, dan preventif terhadap pandemi. Penelitian ini memberikan temuan untuk nilai komunikasi kesehatan dan menawarkan saran yang berguna bagi dokter umum, terutama dengan memberikan edukasi kepada orang yang rentan selama peristiwa pandemi seperti Covid-19.

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