Abstract
Perineal injury remains a common concern in vaginal childbirth, with a prevalence of 30.6%. Low maternal perineal massage practice is a contributing factor to decreased perineal elasticity and an increased risk of perineal trauma. This pilot study aimed to develop the Perineal Electric Massager Experience (PEM-X) to support mothers in self-guided perineal massage. The research employed a level 4 Research and Development (R&D) method with a one-group pretestposttest design. The study sample consisted of two parts: the PEM-X prototype and postpartum mothers who had vaginal deliveries. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 10 postpartum mothers who had vaginal deliveries for preliminary testing of the device. The device was developed at the Mechatronics Laboratory, with functional testing conducted at the Electromedical Laboratory of Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Jakarta II and the Maternity Laboratory of Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Jakarta I. During the intervention phase, participants used the PEM-X to massage the perineum independently according to the developed protocol. Field testing was conducted at Lebak Bulus Public Health Center. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. The results showed that the PEM-X device operated stably and functioned well. Preliminary findings demonstrated increased perineal elasticity after device use, along with high user satisfaction in terms of comfort and ease of use. In conclusion, the innovative PEM-X device enhances perineal elasticity and has the potential to reduce perineal injury during childbirth. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.
Bahasa Abstract
Pengembangan Alat Perineal Electric Massager Experience (PEM-X) untuk Meningkatkan Elastisitas Perineum. Cedera perineum tetap menjadi perhatian umum pada persalinan pervaginam, dengan prevalensi 30,6%. Rendahnya praktik pijat perineum oleh ibu merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap menurunnya elastisitas perineum dan meningkatnya risiko trauma perineum. Studi percontohan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Pengalaman Pijat Perineum Elektrik (PEM-X) untuk mendukung pijat perineum mandiri di kalangan ibu. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D) Level 4 dengan desain pra-uji dan pasca-uji satu kelompok. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk merekrut 10 ibu pascapersalinan yang melahirkan secara pervaginam untuk pengujian awal perangkat. Prototipe PEM-X dikembangkan di Laboratorium Mekatronika dan menjalani pengujian fungsional dan keamanan di Laboratorium Elektromedis Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Jakarta II dan Laboratorium Kebidanan Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Jakarta I. Pada tahap intervensi, peserta menggunakan alat PEM-X untuk pijat perineum mandiri sesuai protokol yang telah dikembangkan. Pengujian lapangan dilakukan di Puskesmas Lebak Bulus. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat PEM-X beroperasi secara stabil dan berfungsi dengan baik. Temuan awal menunjukkan peningkatan elastisitas perineum setelah penggunaan perangkat, bersamaan dengan kepuasan pengguna yang tinggi dalam hal kenyamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan. PEM-X berpotensi sebagai perangkat pendukung inovatif untuk pijatan perineum mandiri dan pencegahan cedera perineum. Studi lebih lanjut direkomendasikan dengan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar.
References
Altmiller, G., & Pepe, L.H. (2022). Influence of technology in supporting quality and safety in nursing education. Nursing Clinics of North America, 57 (4), 551–562. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2022.06.005.
Akhlaghi, F., Baygi, Z.S., Miri, M., & Najafi, M.N. (2019). Effect of perineal massage on the rate of episiotomy. Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, 13 (3), 160–166. Retrieved from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7072029/.
Azuma, M., & Akazawa, C. (2021). Effects of micro vibration therapy nursing care on muscle hardness and skin blood flow: A pre/post group comparison study. Health, 13 (12). doi: 10.4236/health.2021.1312108.
Bai, J., Lu, Y., Liu, H., He, F., & Guo, X. (2024). Editorial: New technologies improve maternal and newborn safety. Frontiers in Medical Technology, 6, 1372358. doi: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1372358.
Bidonde, J., Meneses-Echavez, J.F., Asare, B., Chola, L., Gad, M., Heupink, L.F., Peacocke, E.F., Ackon, A., Dolphyne, A., Ruiz, F., Sæterdal, I., Espeland, A.L., Skjønsberg, E.E., & Johansen, M. (2022). Developing a tool to assess the skills to perform a health technology assessment. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 22, 78. doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01562-4.
Cabral, A.L., de Freitas, S.S., Pinto, R.M.C., Resende, A.P.M., & Pereira-Baldon, V.S. (2022). Are perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching with short protocol effective for increasing pelvic floor muscle extensibility? A randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Journal, 102 (3), pzab305. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab305.
Darmayanti, P.A.R., Ariani, N.K.S., & Dira, A. (2024). Pengaruh perineal massage pada ibu bersalin terhadap robekan jalan lahir di RS TK. II Udayana [The effect of perineal massage on laboring mothers regarding birth canal tears at Udayana level II hospital]. Mahesa: Malahayati Health Student Journal, 4 (7), 3050–3060. doi: 10.33024/mahesa.v4i7.15000.
Dufour, S., Fedorkow, D., Kun, J., Deng, S.X., & Fang, Q. (2019). Exploring the impact of a mobile health solution for postpartum pelvic floor muscle training: Pilot randomized controlled feasibility study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7 (7), e12587. doi: 10.2196/12587.
Hou, Y., Feng, S., Tong, B., Lu, S., & Jin, Y. (2022). Effect of pelvic floor muscle training using mobile health applications for stress urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review. BMC Women's Health, 22, 400. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01985-7.
Jaffar, A., Mohd-Sidik, S., Foo, C.N., Admodisastro, N., Salam, S.N.A., & Ismail, N.D. (2022). Improving pelvic floor muscle training adherence among pregnant women: Validation study. JMIR Human Factors, 9 (1), e30989. doi: 10.2196/30989.
Lumy, F.S.N., Solang, S.D., & Mongkau, E. (2022). Pijat perineum efektif mencegah robekan perineum pada ibu hamil trimester III: Literature review [Perineal massage is effective in preventing perineal tears in third-trimester pregnant women: A literature review]. Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan, 6 (2), 230–238. doi: 10.22487/ghidza.v6i2.585.
Lupowitz, L. (2022). Vibration therapy – A clinical commentary. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 17 (6), 984–987. doi: 10.26603/001c.36964.
Marešová, P., Klímová, B., Honegr, J., Kuča, K., Ibrahim, W.N.H., & Selamat, A. (2020). Medical device development process, and associated risks and legislative aspects-systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 308. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00308.
Moura, R., Oliveira, D.A., Parente, M.P.L., Kimmich, N., & Jorge, R.M.N. (2024). A biomechanical perspective on perineal injuries during childbirth. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 243, 107874. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107874.
Nolan, C.E., O’Leary, B.D., & Ciprike, V. (2021). Is the older perineum a safer perineum? Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 190, 693–699. doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02358-5.
Okeahialam, N.A., Sultan, A.H., & Thakar, R. (2024). The prevention of perineal trauma during vaginal birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 230 (3), S991–S1004. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.021
Papalia, D.E., & Martorell, G. (2021). ISE experience human development. McGraw- Hill Education.
Pergialiotis, V., Bellos, I., Fanaki, M., Vrachnis, N., & Doumouchtsis, S.K. (2020). Risk factors for severe perineal trauma during childbirth: An updated meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 247, 94–100. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.025.
Pilch, W., Czerwińska-Ledwig, O., Chitryniewicz-Rostek, J., Nastałek, M., Krȩzałek, P., Jȩdrychowska, D., Totko-Borkusewicz, N., Uher, I., Kaško, D., & Tota, A. (2019). The impact of vibration therapy interventions on skin condition and skin temperature changes in young women: A pilot study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019 (1), 8436325. doi: 10.1155/2019/8436325.
Pushpakumar, R., Sanjaya, K., Rathika, S., Alawadi, A.H., Makhzuna, K., Venkatesh, S., & Rajalakshmi, B. (2023). Human-computer interaction: Enhancing user experience in interactive systems. E3S Web of Conferences, 399, 9. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202339904037.
Santrock, J.W. (2019). Life-span development [19th Ed.]. McGraw-Hill Education.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D [Qualitative, quantitative, and R&D research methodology]. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Venugopal, V., Deenadayalan, B., Maheshkumar, K., Yogapriya, C., Akila, A., Pandiaraja, M., Poonguzhali, S., & Poornima, R. (2022). Perineal massage for prevention of perineal trauma and episiotomy during labor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, 16 (3), 162–169. doi: 10.18502/jfrh.v16i3.10575.
Recommended Citation
Manurung, Suryani; Mely, Amalia; and Tambun, Yetty Mariani
(2026)
"Development of Perineal Electric Massager Experience (Pem-X) to Improve Perineal Elasticity,"
Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia: Vol. 29:
No.
2, Article 3.
DOI: 10.7454/jki.v29i2.1856
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jki/vol29/iss2/3
