•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Objectives: The human amniotic membrane (HAM) is a promising scaffold for oral applications due to its antimicrobial properties, which help protect against bacterial degradation. However, evidence of its activity against oral bacteria remains limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the HAM against selected Gram-positive oral bacteria, namely, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Methods: HAM in 1 cm2-pieces was inoculated with bacterial suspensions and incubated at 37 °C in 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) for 48 hours to evaluate its inhibition activity. Tetracycline-30 and 0.2% Chlorhexidine served as the positive controls, while phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as the negative control. Swabs from the inhibition zone were re-cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar to test for the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the HAM. Results: HAM inhibited the growth of S. mutans and S. sobrinus but showed no activity against E. faecalis. It also exhibited bactericidal effects against both the Streptococcus species. A statistical analysis revealed a significantly smaller inhibition zone for the HAM compared with the positive controls, while there was no significant difference compared to the PBS. Conclusion: The human amniotic membrane (HAM) demonstrated antibacterial and bactericidal activity against the selected Streptococcus species, but not E. faecalis. The antibacterial properties of HAM against other oral pathogens require further studies to explore its potential as an oral scaffold.

References

  1. Abazari MF, Soleimanifar F, Enderami SE, Nasiri N, Nejati F, Mousavi SA, et al. Decellularized amniotic membrane Scaffolds improve differentiation of iPSCs to functional hepatocyte‐like cells. J Cell Biochem. 2020; 121(2):1169–81.
  2. Salah RA. Mohamed IK, El-Badri N. Development of decellularized amniotic membrane as a bioscaffold for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: ultrastructural study. J Mol Histol. 2018; 49(3):289–301.
  3. Tehrani FD, Firouzeh A, Shabani I, Shabani A. A review on modifications of amniotic membrane for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021; 8:606982.
  4. Hofmann N, Rennekampff H-O, Salz AK, Borgel M. Preparation of human amniotic membrane for transplantation in different application areas. Front Transplant. 2023; 2:1152068.
  5. Anisuzzaman MM, Khan SR, Khan MTI, Ahmed AU, Wahiduzzaman M, Sarkar MA-A. Evaluation of epithelization when amniotic membrane use as a biologic dressing in oral cavity. UpDCJ. 2018; 8(1):36–40.
  6. Arai N, Tsuno H, Okabe M, Yoshida T, Koike C, Noguchi M, et al. Clinical application of a hyperdry amniotic membrane on surgical defects of the oral mucosa. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012; 70(9):2221–8.
  7. Khademi B, Bahranifard H, Azarpira N, Behboodi E. Clinical application of amniotic membrane as a biologic dressing in oral cavity and pharyngeal defects after tumor resection. Arch Iran Med. 2013; 16(9):503–6.
  8. Fujiwara K, Tsuno H, Okabe M, Yoshida T, Imaue S, Tomihara K, et al. Clinical application of hyperdry amniotic membrane in cleft palate repair. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2022; 60(6):701–5.
  9. Odet S, Solecki L, Meyer C, Weber E, Chatelain B, Euvrard E, et al. Human amniotic membrane application in oral surgery—An ex vivo pilot study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022; 10:968346.
  10. Negut I, Dorcioman G, Grumezescu V. Scaffolds for wound healing applications. Polymers. 2020; 12(9):2010.
  11. Gil ACK, Prado MM, Rocha LRd, Benfatti C, Filho GS, Almeida Jd. In vitro evaluation of membranes for regenerative procedures against oral bacteria. Braz Dent J. 2023; 34(3):57–65.
  12. Woo HN, Cho YJ, Tarafder S, Lee, CH. The recent advances in scaffolds for integrated periodontal regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2021; 6(10):3328–42.
  13. Furst MM, Salvi GE, Lang NP, Persson GR. Bacterial colonization immediately after installation on oral titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007; 18(4):501–8.
  14. Yang S, Meng X, Zhen Y, Baima Q, Wang Y, Jiang X, et al. Strategies and mechanisms targeting Enterococcus faecalis biofilms associated with endodontic infections: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14:1433313.
  15. Ashraf H, Font K, Powell C, Schurr M. Antimicrobial activity of an amnion-chorion membrane to oral microbes. Int J Dent. 2019; 2019:1269534.
  16. Zare-Bidaki M, Sadrinia S, Erfani S, Afkar E, Ghanbarzade N. Antimicrobial properties of amniotic and chorionic membranes: a comparative study of two human fetal sacs. J Reprod Infertil. 2017; 18(2):218–24.
  17. Kjaergaard N, Hein M, Hyttel L, Helmig RB, Schonheyder HC, Uldbjerg N, et al. Antibacterial properties of human amnion and chorion in vitro. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001; 94(2):224–9.
  18. Heidarzadeh S, Ghasemian A, Kalafi Z, Nikkhahi F, Dallal MMS. Antimicrobial effects of amniotic membrane on some bacterial strains. Immunopathol Persa. 2018; 4(2):e25.
  19. Evans JJ, Bolz, DD. Regulation of virulence and antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive microbes in response to cell wall-active antibiotics. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2019; 32(3):217–22.
  20. Chen H, Song G, Xu T, Meng C, Zhang Y, Xin T, et al. Biomaterial scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering. J Funct Biomater. 2024; 15(8):233.
  21. Noda-Nicolau NM, Polettini J, Marconi C, Peracoli JC, Miot HA, da Silva MG. Human beta defensins 1, 2 and 3 produced by amniochorion membranes is similar in term and preterm delivery. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 7:846–57.
  22. Leal‐Marin S, Kern T, Hofmann N, Pogozhykh O, Framme C, Borgel M. Human Amniotic Membrane: A review on tissue engineering, application, and storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2021; 109(8):1198–215.
  23. Law EJ, Taib H, Berahim Z. Amniotic membrane: An approach to periodontal regeneration. Cureus. 2022; 14(8):e27832.
  24. Tehrani FD, Firouzeh A, Shabani I, Shabani A. A review on modifications of amniotic membrane for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021; 8:606982.
  25. Harder J, Bartels J, Christophers E, Schroder, J-M. Isolation and characterization of human μ-Defensin-3, a novel human inducible peptide antibiotic. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(8):5707–13.
  26. Dhople V, Krukemeyer A, Ramamoorthy A. The human beta-defensin-3, an antibacterial peptide with multiple biological functions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006; 1758(9):1499–512.
  27. Joly S, Maze C, McCray Jr PB, Guthmiller JM. Human β-defensins 2 and 3 demonstrate strain-selective activity against oral microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(3):1024–29.

Download

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.