Microstructural and Elemental Characterization of Hydrated Carbonated Hydroxyapatite as Pulp Capping Agent: An in vitro Study

Authors

S.Swathi Priyadharshini, Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Tamil Nadu, IndiaFollow
Chinnasamy Ragavendran, Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Tamil Nadu, IndiaFollow
J. Ramana Ramya, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Tamil Nadu, India
Anand Sherwood, Department of conservative dentistry and Enodontics, C.S.I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Understanding the microstructural and elemental composition of pulp capping materials is crucial for predicting their biocompatibility and effectiveness in promoting pulp healing. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the microstructural and elemental properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite as a dental pulp-capping material. Methods: Carbonated hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the precipitation method. MTA and Apacal ART were obtained from commercial sources. The materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens, hydrated in deionized water at 37°C for 14 days, and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: SEM images revealed that MTA exhibited smooth, plate-like crystalline structures surrounded by a rougher matrix. Apacal ART showed smooth, spherical particles. carbonated hydroxyapatite displayed small, spherical, and irregularly shaped particles. EDX analysis indicated carbonated hydroxyapatite had the highest calcium content, followed by MTA and Apacal ART. Conclusion: Carbonated hydroxyapatite demonstrated favorable microstructural and elemental properties for use as a pulp capping agent. Its high calcium content and specific microstructural features suggest it could be a viable alternative to traditional materials like MTA and Apacal ART. Further clinical studies are needed to validate these findings and assess the in vivo efficacy of carbonated hydroxyapatite.

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Recommended Citation

Priyadharshini, S., Ragavendran, C., Ramya, J., & Sherwood, A. Microstructural and Elemental Characterization of Hydrated Carbonated Hydroxyapatite as Pulp Capping Agent: An in vitro Study. J Dent Indones. 2025;32(1): 55-60