Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different effects of trigeminal sensory and vagal-visceral inputs on blood flow (BF) in the submandibular gland (SMG). Methods: Ten to eleven-week-old Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.0 g/kg) and artificially ventilated. The femoral artery was cannulated for systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) measurement. The cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) on both sides and the cervical vagus nerve (CVN) on the right side were cut before the stimulation of the left abdominal vagus nerve (AVN). The CVN and lingual nerve (LN) were stimulated after cutting the CST and CVN. AVN, LN, and CVN were electrically stimulated with supramaximal intensity (20 V, 20 Hz, 2-ms duration) for 20 s. SMG hemodynamics were recorded using a laser speckle imaging blood flow meter. SABP was recorded using a Statham pressure transducer. Results: LN stimulation elicited an increase in both SABP and SMG BF. On the other hand, CVN and AVN stimulation induced an increase in SABP and SMG BF. However, the SMG BF increase was lower than that observed after LN stimulation. Conclusion: Trigeminal sensory input rather than vagal-visceral input appears to be involved in the regulation of SMG BF.
References
- Holmberg KV, Hoffman MP. Anatomy, biogenesis and regeneration of salivary glands. Monogr Oral Sci. 2014; 24:1-13.
- Miles TS, Nauntofte B, Svensson P. Clinical Oral Physiology. United Kingdom: Quintessence Publishing Co., 2004.
- de Paula F, Teshima THN, Hsieh R, Souza MM, Nico MMS, Lourenco SV. Overview of human salivary glands: Highlights of morphology and developing processes. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2017; 300(7):1180-1188.
- Chaiyarit P. Current update in human saliva and its role in oral and systemic health and diseases. J Dent Assoc Thai. 2016; 66(4);240-67.
- Sato T, Ishii H. Differences in control of parasympathetic vasodilation between submandibular and sublingual glands in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2015; 309(11):R1432-8.
- Pedersen A, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. Oral Dis. 2018; 24(8):1399-416.
- Sato A, Izumi H, Nakamura I, Karita K. Differences in parasympathetic vasodilator and salivary responses in the cat submandibular gland between lingual and chorda-lingual nerve stimulation. J Dent Res. 2001; 80(2):484-9.
- Takahashi H, Izumi H, Karita K. Parasympathetic reflex salivary secretion in the cat parotid gland. Jpn J Physiol. 1995; 45(3):475-90.
- Mizuta K, Karita K, Izumi H. Parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in rat submandibular gland. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000; 279(2):R677-83.
- Ishii H, Niioka T, Izumi H. Parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the masseter muscle compensates for carotid hypoperfusion during the vagus-mediated depressor response. Brain Res. 2011; 1370:145-53.
- Ramadhani R, Sato T, Okada Y, Ohke H, Ishii H. Differences in the regulatory mechanism of blood flow in the orofacial area mediated by neural and humoral systems. J Comp Physiol B. 2023; 193(1):109-24.
- Ishii H, Niioka T, Sudo E, Izumi H. Evidence for parasympathetic vasodilator fibres in the rat masseter muscle. J Physiol. 2005; 569(Pt 2):617-29.
- Ishii H, Sato T, Izumi H. Parasympathetic reflex vasodilation in the cerebral hemodynamics of rats. J Comp Physiol B. 2014; 184(3):385-99.
- Basak K, Manjunatha M, Dutta PK. Review of laser speckle-based analysis in medical imaging. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2012; 50(6):547-58.
- Ishii H, Niioka T, Izumi H. Vagal visceral inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract: Involvement in a parasympathetic reflex vasodilator pathway in the rat masseter muscle. Brain Res. 2010; 1312:41-53.
Recommended Citation
Ramadhani, R., Sato, T., & Ishii, H. Different Effects between Trigeminal Sensory and Vagal Visceral Input on Salivary Gland Blood Flow. J Dent Indones. 2025;32(1): 17-21
