Navigating Crisis: An Intersectional Analysis of Marginalized Women’s Role in Sustaining Community Cooperatives Through The Covid-19 Pandemic

Authors

Rizky Septiana Widyaningtyas, Faculty of Law Universitas Gadjah MadaFollow

Abstract

This study analyzes the challenges faced by PEKKA women in Bantul regarding economic empowerment amid the Indonesian government's social restriction policies. It also explores the strategies these women have implemented to survive and strengthen community cooperatives during and after the pandemic. Using a socio-legal method with an intersectional approach, the results indicate that the pandemic and social distancing measures have significantly impacted the economies of female-headed households compared to those supported by both husbands and wives. This impact is particularly pronounced for women who run small businesses that had to close during the pandemic. PEKKA women work collectively in community cooperatives to support their members who are experiencing economic difficulties. This community economic empowerment is supported by various capacity-building programs for strengthening skills and business diversification. As a result, PEKKA women have been able to overcome adversity and emerge stronger after the pandemic. This experience demonstrates that individual women's empowerment and collective empowerment are closely interconnected. The relationship between the two suggests that individual agency can lead to collective empowerment, while, conversely, collective empowerment can also influence individual growth. Through the analysis of gender and class intersectionality, the similarity of the background of women who are members of the PEKKA cooperative strengthens the bonds between them and becomes a significant driver to overcome adversity. In contrast, cooperatives with heterogeneous members tend to experience decline.

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis tantangan yang dihadapi perempuan PEKKA di Bantul terkait pemberdayaan ekonomi di tengah kebijakan pembatasan sosial pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi strategi yang telah diterapkan perempuan ini untuk bertahan dan memperkuat koperasi komunitas selama dan setelah pandemi. Dengan menggunakan metode sosio-legal dengan pendekatan interseksional, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi dan langkah-langkah pembatasan sosial berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian keluarga yang dikepalai perempuan dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga yang ditopang oleh oleh suami dan istri. Dampak ini khususnya terasa bagi perempuan yang menjalankan usaha kecil yang terpaksa tutup selama pandemi. Perempuan PEKKA bekerja secara kolektif dalam koperasi komunitas untuk membantu anggotanya yang mengalami kesulitan ekonomi. Pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat ini didukung oleh berbagai program peningkatan kapasitas untuk memperkuat keterampilan dan diversifikasi usaha. Hasilnya, perempuan PEKKA mampu mengatasi kesulitan dan bangkit lebih kuat pascapandemi. Pengalaman ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan perempuan secara individu dan pemberdayaan kolektif saling terkait erat. Hubungan antara keduanya menunjukkan bahwa agensi individu dapat mengarah pada pemberdayaan kolektif, sementara, sebaliknya, pemberdayaan kolektif juga dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan individu. Melalui analisis interseksionalitas gender dan kelas, kesamaan latar belakang perempuan yang menjadi anggota koperasi PEKKA memperkuat ikatan di antara mereka dan menjadi pendorong yang signifikan untuk mengatasi kesulitan. Sebaliknya, koperasi dengan anggota yang heterogen cenderung mengalami kemunduran.

References

Alfitrah, Nur Aulia, and Rypho Delzy Perkasa. 2023. “Peranan Koperasi dalam Menumbuhkan Potensi Perekonomian Umat Secara Deskriptif”. REKAN, Riset Ekonomi, Akuntansi dan Perpajakan, Vol. IV No. II September 2023, page 143-154.

Arivia, Gadis. 2003, Filsafat Berperspektif Feminis. Jakarta. Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan.

B., Ivanov. 2024. “Intersectionality of Gender, Race, Class, Sexuality, Disability and Other Social Identities in Shaping the Experiences and Opportunities of Marginalized Groups in Ukraine”. International Journal of Gender Studies, 9(1), 61 – 74. https://doi.org/10.47604/ijgs.2357

Bell Books. 2014. [first published 1984]. Feminist Theory: from margin to center (3rd ed.). New York. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-82166-8.

C. A., Littleton, & MacKinnon, C. A. 1989. “Feminist jurisprudence: The difference method makes”. Stanford Law Review, 41(3), 751–784. https://doi.org/10.2307/1228884.

Capire. 2021. “The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on African Grassroots Women”. Effective October 3. https://capiremov.org/en/analysis/the-impacts-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-african-grassroots-women/.

Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. "Gender, black feminism, and black political economy". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 568 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1177/000271620056800105. S2CID 146255922

Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics”, The University of Chicago Legal Forum.

Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1991. “Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color”. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039.

D. E., McBride, & Parry, J. A. 2016. Women’s rights in the USA: Policy debates and gender roles. (5th ed.). Routledge.

Davis, Angela Y. 1983. Women, Race & Class. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-394-71351-9.

Dinas Koperasi Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. 2021. “Koperasi Sebagai Pahlawan Ekonomi di Tengah Pandemi”. Effective February 15. https://dinkop-umkm.jatengprov.go.id/berita/view/686.

Djazh, Dahlan.1980. Pengetahuan Koperasi. Jakarta. PN Balai Pustaka.

Eddyono, Sri Wiyanti. 2019. Women’s Empowerment in Indonesia. New York. Routledge.

Fandriansyah, Muhammad Agustian. 2023. “Peran Koperasi Syariah Terhadap UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19”. REVENUE : Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Islam, P-ISSN Volume 4, No 1, page 19-32.

Gramedia Blog. N.d. “Pengertian Koperasi: Sejarah, Fungsi, Tujuan, Prinsip dan Jenisnya”. accessed in 3 October 2024. https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/pengertian-koperasi/.

Hamzah, Amir. 2021.“Dampak Pandemi Covid 19 Terhadap Koperasi Di Kabupaten Kuningan”. Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, ISSN 1358-0394 Vol.1 Issue 2, page 99-113.

Handayani, Tri, Avelius Dominggus Sore, and Yunita Astikawati. 2020. “Peran Koperasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Anggota Di Koperasi Unit Desa Bale Yotro Desa Beloyang”. JURKAMI: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Volume 5, no 2.

Hasnawati, Fifi. 2011. “Sejarah Berdirinya Koperasi di Indonesia”. Jurnal AKADEMIKA, vol. 2, page 759-761.

Huairou Commission. 2020. “Grassroots Women-Led Resilient Community Development”, Annual Report 2020.

Hutagalung, Muhammad Wandisyah R., and Sarmiana Batubara. 2021. “Peran Koperasi Syariah Dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam. 7(03), 1494-1498.

Irianto, Sulistyowati. 2011. Memperkenalkan Studi Sosio Legal dan Implikasi Metodologisnya, in S. Irianto, & Shidarta, Metode Penelitian Hukum: Konstelasi dan Refleksi. Jakarta. Yayasan Obor.

Komnas Perempuan, “Resiliensi Perempuan dalam Menyikapi Pandemi COVID-19”, Policy Brief 3, Australia Indonesia Partnership for Justice 2.

Kompas. 2021.“Menteri PPPA : Dampak Pandemi pada Perempuan Meningkatnya Pekerjaan Tak Berbayar”Effective March 12. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/03/12/12290011/menteri-pppa-dampak-pandemi-pada-perempuan-meningkatnya-pekerjaan-tak?page=all.

Kompas. 2022. “Koperasi Menjadi Andalan pada Masa Pandemi”. Effective July 23. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2022/07/12/koperasi-menjadi-andalan-di-masa-pandemi.

L. L., Berger, Crawford, B. J., & Stanchi, K. M. 2017. “Using feminist theory to advance equal justice under law”. Nevada Law Journal, 17, 539–548.

Lockley, Anne, Triashtra Lakshmi, Sinta Satriana. Juli 2020. “Perlindungan Sosial yan Komprehensif, Transformatif, Inklusif, dan Responsif Gender: Pengalaman Para Mitra Mampudan Relevansinya dalam Konteks COVID-19”. Kementerian PPN-BAPPENAS, Australian Government, MAMPU Kemitraan Australia-Indonesia untuk Kesetaraan Gender dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan.

Media Center, Portal Berita Kalimantan Selatan. 2022. “Koperasi Dan UMKM Tetap Bertahan Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19”. Effective January 12. https://diskominfomc.kalselprov.go.id/2022/01/12/koperasi-dan-umkm-tetap-bertahan-selama-masa-pandemi-covid-19/.

Noorhadi. 2022. “Problematika Koperasi Dalam Penyelesaian Kredit Bermasalah Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19”. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum QISTIE Vol. 15 No. 1. page 132-145.

Pasaribu, Ryan Irwansyah, and Kusmilawaty. 2024. “Analisis Peran Koperasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Anggotanya (Studi Kasus Pada Koperasi Pegawai Negeri Pemerintah Kota Medan)”. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi (JUMIA), Vol.2, No.2, page 359-368.

PEKKA, “Sejarah Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga”, https://pekka.or.id/latar-belakang/, accessed 16 March 2024.

PEKKA. N.d. “Penguatan Gearakan Ekonomi”. accessed 20 March 2024. https://pekka.or.id/penguatan-gerakan-ekonomi/.

Rofi, Abdur. 2023. “Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan Status Janda di Pasar Kerja Jawa Barat”, Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia Volume 18 No. 1, hlm. 15–28.

Runyan, Anne Sisson. November–December 2018. "What Is Intersectionality and Why Is It Important?". Academe. Vol. 104, no. 6. American Association of University Professors. ISSN 2162-5247

S1 Pendidikan Sejarah PKIP UNS. “Perkembangan Koperasi di Indonesia: Dampak Sosial Ekonomi dan Kontribusi terhadap Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. accessed in 3 October 2024. https://sejarah.fkip.uns.ac.id/2024/02/28/perkembangan-koperasi-di-indonesia-dampak-sosial-ekonomi-dan-kontribusi-terhadap-pemberdayaan-masyarakat/.

Salsabila, Destya, Setia Budhi. 2024. “Antara Stigma Dan Realitas Sosial: Status Janda Dalam Pandangan Masyarakat Desa”, Huma: Jurnal Sosiologi Volume 3, No 1, p. 29-39.

Saputri, Nurfitri Rahmadani, Rahmah Muin, and Abdul Mali. 2022. “Peran Koperasi terhadap UMKM selama Pandemi Covid-19: Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Islam”. Milkiyah Jurnah Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 75-80.

Simarmata, Rikardo. 2006. "Socio-Legal Studies dan Gerakan Pembaharuan Hukum". Digest Law, Society & Development.

Sofianiyatin, Lilik. 2022. “Peluang Dan Tantangan Koperasi Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19”, Commodity Vol.1, No.1, p. 1-10.

Solihin, Ahmad, Lestari, Etty Puji. 2014. Ekonomi Koperasi. Jakarta. Universitas Terbuka.

Solihin, Shofwan Azhar. 2023. “Peran Koperasi Bagi Anggota Dan Harapan Anggota Terhadap Koperasi”. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah, Vol 4, Number 2, page 117-130.

Suryana, Agi, Siti Arieta, Sri Wahyuni. 2023. “Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Perempuan Berstatus Cerai Hidup di Kota Tanjungpinang”, JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora) Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 601-618 https://journal.ikmedia.id/index.php/jishum E-ISSN 2962-0120.

UN Women. 2020. “Five women on the frontlines of COVID response”. Effective April 28. https://un-women.medium.com/five-women-on-the-frontlines-of-covid-response-a6b8fa3a7c51.

UN Women. 2020. “The Impact of Covid-19 On Women’s And Men’s Lives And Livelihoods In Europe And Central Asia: Preliminary Results from a Rapid Gender Assessment”, UN Women Series: Women at the forefront of COVID-19 response in Europe and Central Asia.

UN Women. 2021. “How six grass-roots women’s organizations are making sure that no one is left behind in COVID-19 response”. Effective March 10. https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2021/3/compilation-womens-organizations-leave-no-one-behind-in-covid-19-response.

Widyaningtyas, Rizky S. 2021. Implications of the COVID-19 Emergency Policies for Women-Headed Household Empowerment: The Case of PEKKA Indonesia. Funded by Research and Publication Unit, Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Presented in the 12th International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS12) Kyoto, Japan, 24-28 August 2021.

Widyaningtyas, Rizky S. 2022. Pursuing the Resilience of Marginalized Women in Facing Covid-19 Through Women-Headed Households Empowerment: An Intersectional Approach. Research and Publication Unit, Faculty of Law UGM.

Widyaningtyas, Rizky S. 2023. Struggling to Children Better Future, Women-Headed Households Empowerment (PEKKA) Responses on Education Policy in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intersectional Study. Research and Publication Unit, Faculty of Law UGM.

Wiratraman, Herlambang P. 2016. "Penelitian Sosio-Legal dan Konsekuensi Metodologisnya", Stadium Generale, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Universitas Airlangga.

Yudistira, I Dewa Gede Mas Ananda, and Dewa Gede Edi Praditha. 2023. “Kajian Hukum Kepailitan Terhadap Koperasi Yang Mengalami Pailit Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19”. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin. Volume 1, Nomor 6, p. 484-491 E-ISSN: 2986-6340, page 484-491.

Recommended Citation

Widyaningtyas, Rizky Septiana (2025) "Navigating Crisis: An Intersectional Analysis of Marginalized Women’s Role in Sustaining Community Cooperatives Through The Covid-19 Pandemic," The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies: Vol. 4: No. 2, Article 3.
DOI: 10.54828/ijsls.2025v4n2.3
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/ijsls/vol4/iss2/3