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Abstract

Slum areas in Indonesia present a significant challenge, with government programs such as the National Slum Upgrading Program (NSUP) aiming to address urban poverty and improve living conditions. Despite the implementation of formal policies, the interplay between legal frameworks and local practices often determines the success of such initiatives. Drawing on Keebet van Benda-Beckmann’s theory of legal pluralism, this research examines the transformation of slums into productive and sustainable zones, focusing on Kampung Jodipan, Kampung Heritage Kajoetangan, and Kampung Kreatif Dago Pojok. These case studies reveal how formal legal systems interact with informal norms and community-driven practices in achieving urban revitalization. Using an ethnographic approach, the study employed in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of legal documents to explore the dynamic collaboration between government, private stakeholders, and local communities. The findings indicate that while government-led initiatives like the NSUP provide vital resources and frameworks, the integration of informal community norms and active local participation plays a pivotal role in the success of slum transformation projects.This research concludes that sustainable urban development requires a balance between formal policies and grassroots efforts. The coexistence of multiple legal systems, as framed by Keebet van Benda-Beckmann’s legal pluralism, offers a critical lens to understand how collaborative governance can address urban poverty. The study emphasizes the importance of culturally embedded, adaptive approaches that bridge formal and informal systems to create inclusive and sustainable urban spaces.

Bahasa Abstract

Kawasan kumuh di Indonesia menjadi tantangan signifikan, dengan program pemerintah seperti Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (Kotaku) yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi kemiskinan perkotaan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Meskipun kebijakan formal telah diterapkan, keberhasilan inisiatif ini sering kali ditentukan oleh interaksi antara kerangka hukum formal dan praktik lokal. Dengan menggunakan teori pluralisme hukum dari Keebet van Benda-Beckmann, penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi kawasan kumuh menjadi zona produktif dan berkelanjutan, dengan fokus pada Kampung Jodipan, Kampung Heritage Kajoetangan, dan Kampung Kreatif Dago Pojok. Studi kasus ini menunjukkan bagaimana sistem hukum formal berinteraksi dengan norma informal dan praktik berbasis komunitas dalam mencapai revitalisasi perkotaan. Melalui pendekatan etnografi, penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen hukum untuk mengeksplorasi kolaborasi dinamis antara pemerintah, pemangku kepentingan swasta, dan komunitas lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun inisiatif yang dipimpin pemerintah seperti Program Kotaku menyediakan sumber daya dan kerangka kerja yang penting, integrasi norma komunitas informal dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat lokal memainkan peran penting dalam keberhasilan proyek transformasi kawasan kumuh. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembangunan perkotaan yang berkelanjutan membutuhkan keseimbangan antara kebijakan formal dan upaya akar rumput. Keberadaan berbagai sistem hukum, sebagaimana dirumuskan oleh teori pluralisme hukum Keebet van Benda-Beckmann, menawarkan perspektif penting untuk memahami bagaimana tata kelola kolaboratif dapat mengatasi kemiskinan perkotaan. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan adaptif yang berbasis budaya, yang menjembatani sistem formal dan informal untuk menciptakan ruang perkotaan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

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