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Abstract

The Indonesian Fisheries Law has determined criminal threats for perpetrators of illegal fishing in the ZEEI. In practice, there are differences in the application of imprisonment instead of fines for Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals who do illegal fishing. Such differences create injustice for Indonesian citizens. The results of the study indicate that criminal law policies in the field of fisheries need to be based on justice, in the sense of equality before the law. Foreign nationals who catch illegal fishing in the ZEEI are subject to imprisonment instead of a fine, while foreign nationals are not. Therefore, the Fisheries Law (especially Article 2013) needs to be amended by confirming the imposition of confinement instead of fines for all citizens who fish illegally in the ZEEI. Although the Fisheries Law adopted the 1982 UNCLOS, it did not emphasize the prohibition on the application of confinement instead of fines. In addition, Article 30 of the Criminal Code has also provided the basis for the imposition of confinement instead of fines. This change aims to provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators of illegal fishing in the ZEEI who have the status of foreign citizens. This objective is also in line with the premium remedial nature of criminal sanctions in the Fisheries Law. In addition, the abolition of the dualism of fisheries crime in the Fisheries Law also needs to be carried out and adjusted to the RUU-KUHP. All fishing crimes should be categorized as crimes.

References

Journals and periodicals

Anwar, Mashuril. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan Destructive Fishing pada Rezim Pembangunan Berkelanjutan [Criminal Law Policy in Combating Destructive Fishing in Sustainable Development Regimes].” Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 15, no. 2 (2020): 237-250.

Darmika, Ketut. “Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Perikanan oleh Kapal Perang Republik Indonesia (KRI) dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perikanan [Law Enforcement of Fishery Crimes by Warships of the Republic of Indonesia (KRI) in the Perspective of Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries].” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 4, no. 3 (2015): 485-500.

Edwar, et.al. “Kedudukan Notaris Sebagai Pejabat Umum Ditinjau Dari Konsep Equality Before The Law [The Notary’s Position as a Public Official Judging from the Concept of Equality Before The Law].” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 49, no. 1 (2019): 180-201.

Elvany, Ayu Izza. “Kebijakan Formulatif Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Destructive Fishing di Indonesia [Formulative Policies for Combating the Crime of Destructive Fishing in Indonesia].” Justitia Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 2 (2019): 212-235.

Erfandi. "Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Dalam Pembangunan Sistem Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia [Implementation of Pancasila Values in the Development of the Criminal Law System in Indonesia]." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 1, no. 1 (2016): 23-32.

Farida, Elfia. “Kewajiban Negara Indonesia Terhadap Perjanjian Internasional yang Telah Diratifikasi [Convention on The Proctection of The Rights of All Migrant Workers of Their Faimilier].” Administrative Law & Governance Journal. Volume 3 Issue 1, March 2020.

Khairi, Mawardi. “Politik Hukum Pemerintah dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perikanan (Illegal Fishing) di Indonesia [Government Legal Politics in Handling Fisheries Crime (Illegal Fishing) in Indonesia].” Fiat Justitia 10, no. 2 (2016): 221-412.

Marimin. “Penal Policy for Handling Illegal Fishing in Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone Based on Pancasila.” Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 117-140.

Maulidah, Khilmatin and Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya. "Kebijakan Formulasi Asas Permaafan Hakim Dalam Upaya Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Nasional [Policy on the Formulation of the Judge's Forgiveness Principle in Efforts to Renew the National Criminal Law]." Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 3 (2019): 281-293.

Parthiana, I Wayan. “Beberapa Masalah dalam Pengimplementasian Kewajiban Negara Indonesia Di Bawah Perjanjian Internasional Ke Dalam Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Veritas et Justitia Vol. 3, No. 1 (2017).

Rahim, Arhjayati, et.al. “Eksistensi Lembaga Bantuan Hukum sebagai Perwujudan Asas Equality Before the Law [The Existence of Legal Aid Institutions as the Embodiment of the Principle of Equality Before the Law].” Al-Mizan Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam 14, no. 2 (2018):180-201.

Rifai, Eddy and Khaidir Anwar. “Politik Hukum Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perikanan [Legal Politics of Combating Fisheries Crime].” Jurnal Media Hukum 21, no. 2 (2014): 279-292.

Shafira, Maya et.al. “Illegal Fishing: Optimalisasi Kebijakan Penegakan Hukum Pidana sebagai Primium Remedium [Illegal Fishing: Optimization of Criminal Law Enforcement Policy as Primium Remedium].” Wawasan Yuridika 5, no. 1 (2021): 40-59.

Supriyono and Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa. “Juridical Review of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia as Transnational Crime.” Law Research Reviwe Quartelly 7, no. 2 (2021): 167-182.

Triwulandari, Ni Gusti Agung Ayu Mas. “Problematika Pemberian Bantuan Hukum Struktural Dan Non-Struktural Kaitannya Dengan Asas Equality Before the Law [The Problems of Providing Structural and Non-Structural Legal Aid in Relation to the Principle of Equality Before the Law]. ” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 14, no. 3 (2020): 539-552.

Books and book chapters

Ali, Achmad. Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) dan Teori Peradilan (Juicialprudence) Termasuk Interpretasi Undang-Undang (Legisprudence) [Revealing Legal Theory and Judicial Theory, Including the Interpretation of Laws (Legisprudence)]. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2012.

Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar and Etty R. Agoes, Pengantar hukum Internasional, (Bandung: Alumni, 2003.

Legal documents

United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea. (opened for signature on December 10 1982, entered into force November 16 1994).

Other sources

Bondaroff, Phelps et.al. “The Illegal Fishing and Organized Crime Nexus: Illegal Fishing as Transnational Organized Crime.” The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and The Black Fish.

National Center for Analysis and Evaluation of Law. Laporan Akhir Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum dalam Rangka Pemberantasan Kegiatan Perikanan Liar (IUU Fishing) [Final Report Legal Analysis and Evaluation in the Framework of Eradicating Illegal Fishing Activities (IUU Fishing)]. National Legal Development Agency of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Pasalbessy, John Dirk. “Manajemen Peradilan Perikanan dalam Perspektif Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia [Fisheries Court Management in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law].” Proceedings of the 2019 National Marine and Fisheries Seminar, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Unpatti, Ambon, Indonesia, 18-19 December 2019.

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