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Abstract

Mumps outbreaks are a public health issue that still frequently occur in elementary school settings, particularly among children with low immunization coverage. Therefore, a comprehensive epidemiological understanding is needed as a basis for control. This research aims to describe the epidemiological picture and causative factors of the mumps outbreak that occurred at Islamic Elementary School X in Samarinda City in 2024, using a case series design. The outbreak occurred from April to October 2024, while epidemiological data collection and case verification were conducted from December 2nd to 8th, 2024. The analysis uses surveillance data, field observations, and questionnaires administered to parents and teachers A total of 33 confirmed cases of mumps were reported from 291 students during the observation period, with an attack rate of 11.33%. The dominant symptoms found included parotid gland swelling (100%), fever (78.8%), headache (63.6%), and malaise (42.4%). The main risk factors include low MMR immunization coverage (54.5%), close contact between students in classrooms and extracurricular activities, and a lack of public understanding about preventing infectious diseases. The control efforts undertaken include case isolation, classroom disinfection, personal hygiene education, and cross-sector coordination with the Samarinda City Health Office, increased vaccination coverage, and school health education to prevent future outbreaks of mumps, thru additional MMR vaccinations for students who have not completed their doses, monitoring immunization status at the beginning of each school year, and improving personal hygiene education in schools.

Keywords : Mumps, outbreak, epidemiology, primary school, vaccination

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) gondongan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang masih sering terjadi di lingkungan sekolah dasar, terutama pada populasi anak-anak dengan cakupan imunisasi MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) yang belum optimal, sehingga memerlukan pemahaman epidemiologi yang komprehensif sebagai dasar pengendalian. Penelitian bertujuan mendeskripsikan gambaran epidemiologi dan faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap KLB gondongan di SD Islam X Kota Samarinda tahun 2024 dengan rancangan case series. Kejadian KLB berlangsung sejak April hingga Oktober 2024, sementara pengumpulan data epidemiologi dan verifikasi kasus dilakukan pada 2-8 Desember 2024. Analisis menggunakan data surveilans, observasi lapangan, dan kuesioner kepada orang tua serta guru. Sebanyak 33 kasus gondongan terkonfirmasi dilaporkan dari 291 siswa selama periode observasi dengan attack rate sebesar 11,33%. Gejala dominan yang ditemukan meliputi pembengkakan kelenjar parotis (100%), demam (78,8%), nyeri kepala (63,6%), dan malaise (42,4%). Faktor risiko utama meliputi cakupan imunisasi MMR yang rendah (54,5%), kontak erat antar siswa di kelas dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang pencegahan penyakit menular. Upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan mencakup isolasi kasus, disinfeksi ruang kelas, penyuluhan kebersihan diri, koordinasi lintas sektor dengan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Samarinda, peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi dan edukasi kesehatan sekolah untuk mencegah terulangnya KLB gondongan di masa mendatang, melalui pelaksanaan vaksinasi MMR tambahan bagi siswa yang belum lengkap, pemantauan status imunisasi setiap awal tahun ajaran, serta peningkatan edukasi kebersihan diri di sekolah.

Kata Kunci : Gondongan, kejadian luar biasa, epidemiologi, sekolah dasar, vaksinasi

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