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Abstract

Stunting is still a nutritional problem and remains a major public health issue. Especially in Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting among children under two years old (toddlers) remains high, at 18.50%. The annual average rate of reduction of stunting among toddlers has been relatively slow for over the past 10 years. Therefore, optimizing stunting interventions-particularly during the first 1000 days of life is essential, including through antenatal care (ANC). This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and the incidence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months-old in Indonesia, after being controlled by the other variables, such are; sociodemographic factors, pregnancy’s health, and child’s health. This is a cross-sectional study, in which both of the exposures and the outcome were being measured at the same point of time. The data used are from the Indonesia Health Survey in 2023. There are 18.898 weighted-children aged 6-23 months-old and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The analysis of association was conducted by cox-regression while the time-dependent methods and backward elimination were performed to control the covariate factors. Findings: Children aged 6-23 months-old in Indonesia, whose mothers receive low quality of antenatal care have a 1.23 times higher risk (aPR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.36, p-value = 0.000) of experiencing stunting, after controlling for the other covariate variables. Receiving at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits and accessing 10 cares can reduce the risk of stunting among children aged 6-23 months old in Indonesia.

Keywords : Antenatal Care, ANC, Stunting, Toddlers, The Quality of ANC

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Masalah gizi stunting masih menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia khususnya, pada bayi di bawah dua tahun (baduta) masih tergolong tinggi yakni 18.50%. Angka laju penurunan stunting pada baduta cenderung lamban dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Diperlukannya optimalisasi intervensi stunting terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) salah satunya, melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care). Studi ini akan menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia setelah di kontrol oleh variabel lainnya pada ibu yakni; faktor sosiodemografis, kesehatan kehamilan dan kesehatan anak. Studi ini berdesain cross-sectional, dimana faktor paparan dan outcome diukur pada satu wakti. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Mengikutsertakan sebanyak 18.898 anak terakhir berusia 6-23 bulan yang sesuai kriteria inklusi. Analisis hubungan menggunakan cox-regression sedangkan, pada pengontrolan hubungan variabel menggunakan metode time-dependent dan backward-elimination. Anak berusia 6-23 bulan di Indoensia yang ibunya tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan sesuai rekomendaasi (ANC minimal ³4 kali dan menerima pelayanan 10T) berisiko 1.23 kali (aPR=1.23, 95%CI: 1,11-1.36, p-value = 0.000) mengalami stunting setelah di kontrol oleh variabel kovariat lainnya. Kesimpulan: Ibu yang melakukan ANC minimal 4 kali dan menerima pelayanan 10T dapat menurunkan risiko stunting pada baduta di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Pemeriksaan Kehamilan, ANC, Stunting, Baduta, Kualitas ANC

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