"COVID-19 vaccination effects against COVID-19 mortality" by Dian Nugrahari, Asri Adisasmita Prof et al.
  •  
  •  
 

Abstract

Vaccination is a disease prevention method recommended by the WHO as it will reduce disease severity, mortality rate and risks. The objective of this study is to discover the impact of COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19 mortality rate in Indonesia. This was a retrospective cohort research on the data from the NAR COVID-19 database and the KPCPEN COVID-19 Dashboard of the Depok City Health Department from May 2020-February 2023. We performed a Cox proportional hazard analysis to obtain the risk for death. We discovered that COVID-19 vaccination reduced the mortality until it was less than 10% of unvaccinated population (0,24% for vaccinated vs. 2,5% for unvaccinated). We found that vaccination reduced the risk of death for COVID-19 patients to 91% (AHR=0.09; 95% CI = 0.07-0.11; p

References

  1. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard: Overview. [Internet] Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023a. [Cited 2023 October 09] Available from https://covid19.who.int/
  2. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard: Indonesia Situation. 2023b. [Internet] Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023b [Cited 2023 October 09] Available from: https://covid19.who.int/region/searo/country/id
  3. Pusat Informasi & Koordinasi COVID-19 Jawa Barat for Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dashboard statistik kasus COVID-19 Provinsi Jawa Barat. [Internet] Bandung: Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat; 2023. [Cited 2023 December 06]. Available from https://dashboard.jabarprov.go.id/id/dashboard-pikobar/trace/statistik.
  4. JD09 for Pemerintah Kota Depok. Update COVID-19 Kota Depok per-23 Desember: Tidak ada penambahan kasus konfirmasi positif. [Internet] Depok: Pemerintah Kota Depok; 2023 [Cited 2023 December 23] available from: https://berita.depok.go.id/update-covid-19-kota-depok-per-23-desember-tidak-ada-penambahan-kasus-konfirmasi-positif.
  5. Nuraini R. Kasus COVID-19 Pertama, Masyarakat Jangan Panik [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2024 Jan 08]. Available from https://www.indonesia.go.id/narasi/indonesia-dalam-angka/ekonomi/kasus-covid-19-pertama-masyarakat-jangan-panik.
  6. Bonanad C, Garcia-Blas S, Tarazona-Santabalbina F, et al. The Effect of Age on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis with 611,583 Subjects. J Am Med Dir Assoc [Internet]. 2020 Jul [cited 2023 October 23];21(7):915-918. Published online 2020 May 25. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.045. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7247470/
  7. Surendra H, Elyazar IRF, Djaafara BA, et al. 2021. Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta: A Hospital-Based Restrospective Cohort Study. J lanwpc [Internet]. 2021 [Cited 2023 October 09]; 9:100108. DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc. 2021.100108. Available from https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanwpc/PIIS2666-6065(21)00017-1.pdf
  8. Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Raine C, et al. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. Nat Commun [Internet] 2020 [Cited 2023 October 09]; 11: 6317. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-202-19741-6. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19741-6
  9. Lakbar I, Luque-Paz D, Mege J-L, et al. COVID-19 gender susceptibility and outcomes: A systematic review. PloS ONE [Internet]. 2020. [Cited 2023 October 10]; 15(11): e0241827. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241827. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0241827&type=printable
  10. Liu Q, Qin C, Liu M, and Liu J. Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty [Internet]. 2021. [Cited 2024 January 08]; 10(1):132. DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00915-3. Available from: https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-021-00915-3
  11. Huang YZ, Kuan CC. Vaccination to reduce severe COVID-19 and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci [Internet]. 2022 Mar [cited 2024 January 08]; 26(5):1770-1776. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202203_28248. PMID: 35302230. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35302230/
  12. Liang, L.-L., Kuo, H.-S., Ho, H. J. & Wu, C.-Y., 2021. COVID-19 vaccinations are associated with reduced fatality rates: Evidence from cross-country quasi-experiments. J Glob Health, Volume 11, p. 05019.
  13. Tenforde, M. W. et al., 2022. Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death - United States, March 2021-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 71(12), pp. 459-465.
  14. Alsaffar, W. A. et al., 2022. The Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Improving the Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Cureus, 14(1).
  15. Smith, D. J. et al., 2022. COVID-19 Mortality and Vaccine Coverage - Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, January 6, 2022-March 21, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 71(15), pp. 545-548.
  16. Baker, T. B. et al., 2023. The Relationship of COVID-19 Vaccination with Mortality Among 86,732 Hospitalized Patients: Subpopulations, Patient Factors, and Changes over Time. J Gen Intern Med, 38(5), pp. 1248-1255.
  17. Bonanad, C. et al., 2020. The Effect of Age on Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis With 611,583 Subjects. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21(7), pp. 915-918.
  18. Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P. & Shi, Z.-L., 2021. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nature Reviews Microbiology, Volume 19, p. 141–154.
  19. Choi, W.-Y., 2021. Mortality Rate of Patients With COVID-19 Based on Underlying Health Conditions. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, pp. 1-6.
  20. Raimondi, F. et al., 2021. Covid-19 and gender: lower rate but same mortality of severe disease in women-an observational study. BMC Pulm Med, 21(1), p. 96.
  21. Ya'qoub, L., Elgendy, I. Y. & Pepine, C. J., 2021. Sex and gender differences in COVID-19: More to be learned!. Am Heart J Plus, Volume 3, p. 100011.
  22. Ikeokwu, A. E. et al., 2023. Unveiling the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Meta-Analysis of Survival Rates Among Patients in the United States Based on Vaccination Status. Cureus, 15(8), p. e43282.
  23. Alshamrani MM, El-Saed A, Al Zunitan M, Almulhem R, and Almohrij S. Risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among healthcare workers working in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug;109:238-243. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.009. Epub 2021 Jul 7. PMID: 34242766; PMCID: PMC8260475.
  24. Fakih MG, et al. COVID-19 hospital prevalence as a risk factor for mortality: an observational study of a multistate cohort of 62 hospitals. BMJ Qual Saf. 2022 Jan;31(1):45-53. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013721. Epub 2021 Oct 5. PMID: 34611041; PMCID: PMC8494532.

Bahasa Abstract

Vaksinasi adalah salah satu cara pencegahan penyakit yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO, karena akan mengurangi derajat keparaha npenyakit, tingkat mortalitas, dan risiko mortalitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak vaksinasi COVID-19 terhadap tingkat mortalitas COVID-19 di Indonesia. Data didapat dengan melakukan kohort retrospektif terhadap database NAR COVID-19 dan dashboard KPCPEN COVID-19 di Dinkes Koat Depok dari Mei 2020 hingga Februari 2023. Peneliti melakukan analisis Cox proportional hazard untuk mendapatkan nilai risiko kematian. Kemudian, ditemukan bahwa orang yang divaksinasi COVID-19 memiliki tingkat mortalitas yang hanya sepersepuluh dari oragn yang tidak divaksinasi (0.24% vs 2.5%). Sehingga vaksinasi COVID-19 dapat menurunkan mortalitas COVID-19 hingga 91%. (AHR=0.09; 95% CI = 0.07-0.11; p

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.