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Abstract

Pneumonia merupakan penyakit menular yang menginfeksi paru-paru. Period prevalence pneumonia balita di 5 provinsi di Sulawesi lebih tinggi dibanding angka nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pneumonia balita di 5 Provinsi di Pulau Sulawesi. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2012. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan uji chi-square dan hasil ukur prevalence ratio (PR). Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah faktor pejamu (umur balita, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pemberian vitamin A, status imunisasi campak dan DPT) dan faktor lingkungan (pendidikan ibu, tempat tinggal, bahan bakar memasak, keberadaan perokok yang merokok dalam rumah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase pneumonia balita (12-59 bulan) adalah 9,3%. Balita umur 12-23 bulan (PR 1,70; 95%CI 1,06-2,74; p-value 0,03), tidak mendapatkan imunisasi DPT lengkap (PR 1,48; 95%CI 1,06-2,08; p-value 0,03), ibu tidak sekolah (PR 6,45; 95%CI 2,95-14,08, p-value 0,001), ibu pendidikan dasar (PR 1,77; 95%CI 1,05-2,97; p-value 0,04), tinggal di rumah dengan bahan bakar memasak yang tidak memenuhi syarat (PR 1,76; 95%CI 1,20-2,58; p-value 0,004), tinggal dengan perokok (PR 1,76; 95%CI 1,04-2,96; p-value 0,038) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik. Sehingga, perlu ada peningkatan pendidikan ibu dan edukasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pneumonia balita.

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