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Abstract

Kematian balita banyak terjadi pada masa neonatal. Inisiasi menyusu dini merupakan salah satu bentuk perawatan esensial saat lahir dan sebagai kunci awal dalam meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup bayi neonatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh inisiasi menyusu dini terhadap kematian neonatal pada bayi berat lahir > 2500 gram dan pada bayi berat lahir rendah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang bersumber dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam SDKI diperoleh melalui wawancara responden menggunakan kuesioner. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam SDKI yakni pertama melakukan pemilihan sejumlah primary sample unit (PSU) secara probability proportional to size (PPS), kedua memilih satu blok sensus dari setiap PSU terpilih secara PPS, lalu memilih 25 rumah tangga dari setiap blok sensus terpilih. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kohort retrospektif untuk mengetahui risiko kematian neonatal bayi berat lahir >2500 gram dan bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) berdasarkan status inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) di Indonesia. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 12.914 bayi. Besar risiko kematian neonatal diestimasi menggunakan cox proportional hazard regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bayi berat lahir >2500 yang tidak diinisiasi menyusu dini berisiko mengalami kematian neonatal (HR adjusted 2.552, 95% CI 1.124 – 5.793, p value=0.025) setelah dikontrol usia ibu saat melahirkan dan jarak kelahiran. Bayi berat lahir rendah yang tidak diinisiasi menyusu dini berisiko mengalami kematian neonatal (HR adjusted 7,640, 95% CI 1,761 – 33,142, P value=0,007) setelah dikontrol variabel riwayat keguguran pada kehamilan sebelumnya dan komplikasi kehamilan. Tenaga kesehatan yang membantu persalinan perlu menggalakkan inisiasi menyusu dini sebagai asuhan bayi saat lahir. Edukasi terhadap calon ibu mengenai inisiasi menyusu dini perlu lebih ditingkatkan.

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