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Abstract

Measles remains a public health concern in Indonesia, including Jakarta, contributing to the country’s disease burden. Sustained transmission during 2022-2024, despite reported vaccination coverage above  90%, suggests the presence of vulnerable groups. This study aimed to describe patterns and identify factors associated with laboratory-confirmed measles in Jakarta during 2022-2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted using routine surveillance data from all individuals reported as suspected measles cases during the study period. Descriptive analysis summarizes the distribution, while multivariable analysis identifies associated factors. Of the 4,194 suspected cases of measles, 22.8% were laboratory-confirmed positive. Showed a fluctuating temporal pattern, increasing from 20.6 % in 2022 to 42% in 2023, followed by a sharp decline to 3.5% in 2024. Among reported suspected measles cases, children aged ≤ 5 years had higher odds of laboratory-confirmed measles than those aged >5 years (aPOR 1.38; 95% CI 1.17-1.63). Unvaccinated individuals had a higher odds of laboratory-confirmed measles than fully vaccinated individuals (aPOR 2.53; 95% CI 2.09-3.06). Sex and travel history were not associated. Measles transmission in Jakarta persisted with a fluctuating pattern and was associated with children aged 5 and younger and unvaccinated individuals. Strengthening routine measles immunization and prioritizing susceptible groups identified through surveillance data are needed.

Keywords: Measles, Surveillance, Risk Factors, Vaccine-Preventable Disease

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Bahasa Abstract

Campak masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk Jakarta, dan berkontribusi terhadap beban penyakit di negara ini. Penularan yang berkelanjutan selama tahun 2022–2024, meskipun cakupan vaksinasi yang dilaporkan telah mencapai lebih dari 90%, menunjukkan masih adanya kelompok rentan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pola dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan campak terkonfirmasi laboratorium di Jakarta selama tahun 2022–2024. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan menggunakan data surveilans rutin dari seluruh individu yang dilaporkan sebagai kasus suspek campak selama periode penelitian. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk merangkum distribusi kasus, sedangkan regresi logistik multivariabel dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Sebanyak 22,8% dari 4.194 kasus suspek campak terkonfirmasi positif secara laboratorium. Campak terkonfirmasi laboratorium menunjukkan pola temporal yang berfluktuasi, meningkat dari 20,6% pada tahun 2022 menjadi 42,0% pada tahun 2023, kemudian menurun tajam menjadi 3,5% pada tahun 2024. Di antara kasus suspek campak yang dilaporkan, anak usia ≤5 tahun memiliki odds lebih tinggi untuk mengalami campak terkonfirmasi laboratorium dibandingkan individu usia >5 tahun (aPOR 1,38; 95% CI 1,17–1,63). Individu yang tidak divaksinasi memiliki odds lebih tinggi untuk mengalami campak terkonfirmasi laboratorium dibandingkan individu yang telah divaksinasi lengkap (aPOR 2,53; 95% CI 2,09–3,06). Jenis kelamin dan riwayat perjalanan tidak berhubungan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa campak terkonfirmasi laboratorium di antara kasus suspek yang dilaporkan di Jakarta tetap terjadi selama tahun 2022–2024 dan berhubungan dengan usia anak serta status tidak divaksinasi. Penguatan imunisasi rutin campak dan memprioritaskan kelompok rentan yang teridentifikasi melalui data surveilans diperlukan.

Kata Kunci: Campak, Surveilans, Faktor Risiko, Penyakit Yang Dapat Dicegah Dengan Imunisasi

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