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Abstract

Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain a major public health challenge despite substantial progress in immunization programs. In Indonesia, routine immunization coverage has shown a post-pandemic recovery trend; however, disparities in access to health services and surveillance quality persist across regions. This study aimed to determine priority VPD problems in Bogor City and identify factors contributing to the highest-ranked disease. A mixed-methods study was conducted in Bogor City from October 2024 to January 2025. Quantitative prioritization was performed using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)-adapted Hanlon method across eight VPDs. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants and analyzed thematically. Findings were presented using an Ishikawa diagram. Hepatitis B was identified as the highest-priority VPD (10.91), followed by cervical cancer (9.21) and measles (6.44). Factors contributing to the persistence of hepatitis B included limited public awareness, incomplete surveillance and contact tracing, suboptimal intersectoral coordination, inadequate monitoring and reporting systems, and insufficient program support. The PAHO-adapted Hanlon method provides a structured framework for evidence-based priority setting. Strengthening hepatitis B control requires improved health literacy, strengthened surveillance systems, enhanced intersectoral collaboration, and optimized monitoring and evaluation.

Keywords: Vaccine-preventable diseases, Health priority setting, Hepatitis B, Hanlon method, Public health surveillance

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I) masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat yang utama meskipun telah terjadi kemajuan yang signifikan dalam program imunisasi. Di Indonesia, cakupan imunisasi rutin menunjukkan tren pemulihan pascapandemi; namun, kesenjangan dalam akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dan kualitas sistem surveilans masih terjadi antarwilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas masalah PD3I di Kota Bogor dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap penyakit dengan peringkat prioritas tertinggi. Penelitian mixed-methods dilakukan di Kota Bogor pada Oktober 2024 hingga Januari 2025. Penentuan prioritas secara kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode Hanlon yang diadaptasi oleh Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) terhadap delapan PD3I. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian disajikan menggunakan diagram Ishikawa. Hepatitis B teridentifikasi sebagai PD3I dengan prioritas tertinggi (10.91), diikuti oleh kanker serviks (9.21) dan campak (6.44). Faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap persistensi hepatitis B meliputi rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, belum optimalnya surveilans dan pelacakan kontak, koordinasi lintas sektor yang belum optimal, sistem pemantauan dan pelaporan yang belum memadai, serta dukungan program yang masih terbatas. Metode Hanlon yang diadaptasi oleh PAHO memberikan kerangka yang terstruktur untuk penetapan prioritas berbasis bukti. Penguatan pengendalian hepatitis B memerlukan peningkatan literasi kesehatan masyarakat, penguatan sistem surveilans, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas sektor, serta optimalisasi pemantauan dan evaluasi.

Kata Kunci: Penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi, penetapan prioritas, metode Hanlon yang diadaptasi PAHO, hepatitis B, Kota Bogor.

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