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Abstract

The agricultural sector is the primary source of livelihood for communities in Southeast Asia; however, these activities increase the risk of exposure to zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Southeast Asia is one of the regions with the highest incidence of leptospirosis in the world. This literature review aims to identify risk factors for leptospirosis among agricultural workers in Southeast Asia. The search for research articles utilized three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) using a descriptive approach based on literature review and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 9,800 articles were screened for duplicates, publication year (2016–2025), open access, English language, and analytical study design, leaving 459 articles. These articles were then screened based on exclusion criteria (review articles and those irrelevant to the keywords), resulting in 253 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles were further reviewed based on relevant populations and outcomes, resulting in 10 articles to be included in the literature review. The findings of this study revealed variations in risk factors across countries, including the presence of livestock, the presence of waste in the work environment, and the habit of not using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Based on the findings, there is a publication gap in Southeast Asian countries regarding leptospirosis risk factors among agricultural workers, thus necessitating further research in other Southeast Asian countries.


Keywords: Risk Factors, Leptospirosis, Farmers, Livestock Farmers, Planters, Southeast Asia

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Sektor agrikultur menjadi sumber penghidupan utama pada masyarakat di Asia Tenggara, namun aktivitas ini meningkatkan risiko paparan penyakit zoonosis, terutama leptospirosis. Asia Tenggara menjadi salah satu wilayah dengan insidensi leptospirosis tertinggi di dunia. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kejadian leptospirosis pada pekerja sektor agrikultur di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Pencarian artikel penelitian menggunakan tiga database (Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect) dengan pendekatan deskriptif berdasarkan kajian literatur dan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Sebanyak 9.800 artikel disaring berdasarkan duplikasi, tahun terbit (2016-2025), open access, berbahasa Inggris, dan menggunakan desain studi analitik, sehingga menyisakan 459 artikel. Artikel tersebut kemudian disaring berdasarkan kriteria eksklusi (artikel review dan tidak relevan dengan kata kunci), sehingga menghasilkan 253 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Artikel tersebut ditinjau kembali berdasarkan populasi dan outcome yang relevan, sehingga menghasilkan 10 artikel yang akan dimasukkan ke dalam tinjauan literatur. Temuan studi ini menghasilkan variasi faktor risiko antar negara di antaranya keberadaan hewan ternak, keberadaan sampah di lingkungan kerja, dan kebiasaan tidak menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD). Berdasarkan hasil temuan, terdapat kesenjangan publikasi di negara Asia Tenggara terkait dengan faktor risiko leptospirosis pada pekerja sektor agrikultur, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut di negara Asia Tenggara lainnya.

Kata Kunci: Faktor Risiko, Leptospirosis, Petani, Peternak, Pekebun, Asia Tenggara

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