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Abstract

Leprosy remains a public health problem in Indonesia. In 2023, Indonesia ranked third globally in the number of leprosy cases, with 14,376 reported cases, after India (107,851 cases) and Brazil (22,773 cases). One of the key strategies for leprosy control in Indonesia is the implementation of preventive measures, including home visits and the administration of chemoprophylaxis using single-dose rifampicin (SDR). Post-exposure prophylaxis plays an important role in preventing leprosy transmission among contacts of confirmed patients. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of leprosy chemoprophylaxis recipients in the Tirtayasa Public Health Center area during 2023–2024. This study was an descriptive observational study. A total of 381 respondents were included using total sampling from close contacts of leprosy patients who received chemoprophylaxis. Data were analyzed descriptively. The majority of chemoprophylaxis recipients were aged ≥15 years (328 individuals; 86.1%). Most recipients were female (198 individuals; 52.0%). The highest number of recipients was found in Tirtayasa Village (81 individuals; 21.3%). Based on the type of contact, most recipients had neighbor contact (237 individuals; 62.2%). The most commonly administered rifampicin dose was 600 mg (326 individuals; 85.6%). No adverse effects were reported among all recipients following rifampicin administration. Most leprosy chemoprophylaxis recipients were aged ≥15 years and female. The majority of recipients resided in Tirtayasa Village and had neighbor contact with leprosy patients. Rifampicin at a dose of 600 mg was the most frequently administered, and no adverse effects were observed among all recipients.


Keywords: Characteristics, Chemoprophylaxis, Leprosy

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Bahasa Abstract

Kusta masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2023, Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dengan jumlah kasus kusta terbanyak, yaitu 14,376 kasus, setelah India (107.851 kasus) dan Brasil (22.773 kasus). Salah satu upaya pengendalian kusta di Indonesia adalah pelaksanaan tindakan pencegahan melalui kunjungan rumah dan pemberian kemoprofilaksis menggunakan rifampisin dosis tunggal (single-dose rifampicin/SDR). Kemoprofilaksis pascapajanan berperan penting dalam mencegah penularan kusta pada kontak penderita. Mengetahui karakteristik pemberian kemoprofilaksis kusta di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tirtayasa tahun 2023–2024. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 381 orang yang merupakan kontak erat penderita kusta dan dipilih dengan metode total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Sebagian besar penerima kemoprofilaksis berusia ≥15 tahun sebanyak 328 orang (86,1%). Penerima kemoprofilaksis terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, yaitu 198 orang (52,0%). Desa dengan jumlah penerima kemoprofilaksis terbanyak adalah Desa Tirtayasa sebanyak 81 orang (21,3%). Berdasarkan jenis kontak, mayoritas penerima kemoprofilaksis merupakan kontak tetangga sebanyak 237 orang (62,2%). Dosis rifampisin yang paling banyak diberikan adalah 600 mg pada 326 orang (85,6%). Seluruh kontak erat penderita kusta yang menerima kemoprofilaksis tidak mengalami efek samping setelah pemberian rifampisin. Pemberian kemoprofilaksis kusta di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tirtayasa paling banyak diberikan pada kelompok usia ≥15 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Mayoritas penerima merupakan kontak tetangga dan berdomisili di Desa Tirtayasa. Dosis rifampisin yang paling sering digunakan adalah 600 mg, dan tidak ditemukan efek samping pada seluruh penerima kemoprofilaksis.

Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Kemoprofilaksis, Kusta

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