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Abstract

According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of pregnant women experience mental disorders, with depression being particularly prevalent. In developing countries, this rate is was even higher, reaching 19.8% after childbirth and 15.6% during pregnancy. Various studies conducted in Indonesia show that the prevalence of depression among pregnant women ranges widely, from 21.4% to 26.2%.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression during pregnancy in pregnant women at the PONED Community Health Center in Tangerang City Area. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 105 pregnant women attending antenatal check-ups at the 17 PONED Community Health Center in Tangerang City in October 2024. The sample was obtained with a consecutive sampling technique. Information regarding sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors was collected through questionnaires. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a valid and reliable tool for screening depression in pregnant women. Univariate analysis was employed to determine the prevalence of depression and the characteristics of the pregnant women, bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model. The research findings revealed that the prevalence of depression among pregnant women was 22%(95% CI: 14%-30%). The most significant factor associated with depression was a history of stress due to life events (p-value = 0.004). Respondents with a history of stress were 8.6 times more likely to develop depression compared to those without such a history, even after adjusting for variables such as gravida, age, occupation, and income  (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 8.62; 95% CI 2.03 – 36.69). This highlights the importance of screening for depression during antenatal care to identify and prevent further morbidityand mortality wrelated to antenatal depression.


Keywords: Antenatal depression, mental health, pregnant women, risk factors, history of stress, EPDS

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Bahasa Abstract

Data WHO menyebutkan sekitar 10% ibu hamil mengalami gangguan jiwa, terutama depresi. Di negara berkembang, angka ini lebih tinggi, yaitu 19,8% setelah melahirkan dan 15,6% pada masa kehamilan. Prevalensi depresi pada ibu hamil di berbagai penelitian di Indonesia bervariasi dari 21,4 sampai dengan 26,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor resiko depresi pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas PONED wilayah Kota Tangerang. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional berbasis fasilitas kesehatan dengan responden adalah 105 ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal di 17 Puskesmas PONED di Kota Tangerang pada Oktober 2024. Pengambilan sampel melalui teknik                                    consecutive      sampling Informasi mengenai faktor sosiodemografi, obstetri dan psikososial diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner mandiri. Pengukuran depresi menggunakan instrument Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) yang valid dan reliabel sebagai alat skrining depresi pada ibu hamil. Analisa univariat digunakan untuk mengetahui prevalensi depresi dan karakteristik ibu hamil. Analisa bivariat dengan uji chi square, dan analisis multivariat dengan model regresi logistik untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko depresi pada ibu hamil. Hasil penelitian menunjukan prevalensi depresi pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas PONED Wilayah Kota Tangerang adalah 22% (95%CI: 14%-30%). Faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian depresi adalah riwayat stress karena peristiwa kehidupan (p value = 0,004). Responden dengan riwayat stress beresiko 8,6 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadinya depresi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak memiliki riwayat stress setelah dikontrol variabel gravida, usia, pekerjaan dan penghasilan (AOR = 8,62 95% CI 2,03 – 36,69). Skrining depresi pada pelayanan antenatal penting dan direkomendasikan untuk mengidentifikasi, mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas lebih lanjut akibat depresi.

Kata Kunci:  Depresi antenatal, kesehatan mental, ibu hamil, faktor resiko, riwayat stress, EPDS

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