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Abstract

Salah satu transisi gaya hidup yang terjadi adalah perubahan perilaku makan yang paling berdampak pada kaum perempuan untuk terlihat cantik dengan berdiet berlebihan yang menjurus pada Perilaku Makan Menyimpang (PMM). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penyebab, mekanisme, dan proses terjadinya PMM dari persepsi penderita. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan pada 3 informan yang pernah mengalami PMM. Penelitian kuantitatif, dilakukan pada 397 responden yang belum mengalami PMM. Waktu pengambilan data adalah bulan Mei-Juni 2007 dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam untuk penelitian kualitatif dan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner dari Sarafino dari Stice untuk penelitian kuantitatif. Studi kualitatif menemukan bahwa semua informan bermasalah dengan anggota keluarganya, terdapat pengaruh pola asuh keluarga yang cukup besar, memiliki citra tubuh dan konsep diri yang terdistorsi, dan berada di lingkungan yang tidak mendukung orang gemuk. Hasil penelitian kuantitatif menemukan prevalensi PMM yang terjadi di Jakarta dengan kuasioner Sarafino adalah 37,3% dan prevalensi anoreksia nervosa dengan kuesioneri Stice adalah 11,6 % dan prevalensi kecenderungan bulimia nervosa adalah 27%.

One of the life style changes that occur recently is related to eating behavior that affect mostly women because of the desire to look beautiful with a thin and tall body. One way to achieve this figure is to strictly go on dieting which could lead to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to understand the cause, mechanism, and process of eating disorders. The methods in this research are both qualitative and quantitative. The subjects of the qualitative research are three persons who are willing to be the subject and have a past history of eating disorders. The quantitative subjects are 397 respondents that have not been diagnosed with eating disorders. The research was held at May-June 2007. The information are gathered through in-depth interview for the qualitative research and by through self report questionnaire for the quantitative research. The result from qualitative research shows that all of the subjects have problems with their family, the parenting practice have a big influence in their life, they also have a distorted body image and poor self-concept, and they are living in an environment that have a negative behavior towards overweight problems. The quantitative research shows that using Sarafino questionnaire, there are 37.3% adolescents who have a tendency toward eating disorders. Using the Stice and Telch questionnaire, there are 11.6% adolescents that have a tendency towards anorexia nervosa, and 27.0% adolescents that have a tendency towards bulimia nervosa.

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