•  
  •  
 

Abstract

This research conducted a systematic literature review to explore the implementation of digital health in Indonesia, focusing on the digital health policies, usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefits, and lessons learned. The study identified 10 relevant journals through database searches and analyzed the trends in publication, productive journals, and top institutions involved in digital health research. The findings revealed an increasing interest in digital health, with a growing number of published articles from 2021 to 2023. ScienceDirect emerged as the most productive journal, followed by PubMed and MDPI. The University of Indonesia and the University of Gajah Mada were the leading institutions in digital health research in Indonesia. The study discussed the implementation of digital health during the pandemic, highlighting its role in epidemic surveillance, telemedicine services, and data systems for COVID-19 management. The research also emphasized the challenges faced in the 3T regions (remote areas) of Indonesia due to limited internet access and infrastructure. Overall, the findings contribute to understanding the landscape of digital health in Indonesia and provide insights into its benefits and lessons learned.

References

1. Wibowo S, Cannarsi A, Hoppe F. How COVID-19 will drive Southeast Asia’s internet economy. Jakarta: The Jakarta Post; 2021.

2. Google, Temasek, Bain. e-Conomy SEA 2020 At Full Velocity: Resilient and Racing Ahead. Google, Temasek, Bain; 2020.

3. Ronquillo Y, Meyers A, Korvek SJ. Digital Health. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.

4. Google, Temasek, Bain. e-Conomy SEA 2022: Through the waves towards a sea opportunity. Google, Temasek, Bain; 2020.

5. Google, Temasek, Bain. e-Conomy SEA 2021: Roaring 20s: The Sea Digital Decade. Google, Temasek, Bain; 2021.

6. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Blueprint of Digital Health Transformation Strategy 2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2021.

7. Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia Nomor 171 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Aplikasi CareProtect Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Surveilans Kesehatan Untuk Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Jakarta: Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia; 2020.

8. Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2020-2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2022.

9. Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 18 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyelenggaraan Satu Data Bidang Kesehatan Melalui Sistem Informasi Kesehatan. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2022.

10. World Health Organization. WHO guideline recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.

11. Sun J, Shi Z, Xu H. Non-pharmaceutical interventions used for COVID-19 had a major impact on reducing influenza in China in 2020. J Travel Med. 2020; 27 (8): taaa064. DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa064

12. Chen S, Yang J, Yang W, et al. COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10226): 764–766. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30421-9

13. Wang Q, Su M, Zhang M, et al. Integrating digital technologies and public health to fight COVID-19 pandemic: Key technologies, applications, challenges and outlook of digital healthcare. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 (11): 6053. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116053

14. Rohmah AA, Rachmawati R, Mei ETW. Smart city achievement through implementation of digital health services in handling COVID-19 Indonesia. Smart Cities. 2023; 6 (1): 639–651. DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6010030

15. Nur Aisyah D, Lokopessy AF, Naman M, et al. The use of digital technology for COVID-19 detection and response management in Indonesia: Mixed methods study. Int J Med Res. 2023; 12: e41308. DOI: 10.2196/41308

16. Saputra YE, Worsito SB, Firdaus DS, et al. Bridging a resilient post-pandemic recovery through digital health transformation. In: Sunjaya AP, Wang YB, Sagita R, Sugiharti D, editors. Indonesia post-pandemic outlook: Rethinking health and economics post-COVID-19. Jakarta: BRIN Publishing; 2022. pp. 13–43. DOI: 10.55981/brin.537.c516

17. Wahab RA, Kusumawardani QD, Wijaya FP. The potential implementation of telemedicine in frontier, outmost, and underdeveloped region of Indonesia. In: 2021 2nd International Conference on ICT for Rural Development (IC-ICTRuDev); Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2021. pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/IC-ICTRuDev50538.2021.9656502

18. Wulandari H, Lazuardi L, Majid N, et al. Potential improvement in a portable health clinic for community health service to control non-communicable diseases in Indonesia. Appl Sci. 2023; 13 (3): 1623. DOI: 10.3390/app13031623

19. Rachmani E, Haikal H, Rimawati E. Development and validation of digital health literacy competencies for citizens (DHLC), an instrument for measuring digital health literacy in the community. Comput Methods Progr Biomed Update. 2022; 2: 100082. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpbup.2022.100082

20. Ghozali MT. Mobile app for COVID-19 patient education – Development process using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation models. Nonlinear Eng. 2022; 11 (1): 549-557. DOI: 10.1515/nleng-2022-0241

21. Purba C, Sinaga I, Rawung S, et al. Nurses’ perceived knowledge, self-confidence, and attitudes in using telemedicine: A case study from West Indonesia. Enfermería Clín. 2023; 33 (Suppl. 1): S12-S16. DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2023.01.006

22. Alexandra S, Handayani PW, Azzahro F. Indonesian hospital telemedicine acceptance model: The influence of user behavior and technological dimensions. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (12): E08599. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08599

23. Dinakrisma AA, Laksmi PW, Abdiel T, et al. The role of digital mobile technology in elderly health management among health care workers in Indonesia: Analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Digit Health. 2022; 8: 20552076221102771. DOI: 10.1177/20552076221102771

24. Alviani R, Purwandari B, Eitiveni I, et al. Factors affecting adoption of telemedicine for virtual healthcare services in Indonesia. J Inform Syst Eng Bus Intell. 2023; 9 (1): 47-69. DOI: 10.20473/jisebi.9.1.47-69

Share

COinS