Abstract
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus discovered in 2019. WHO declared COVID-19 is a respiratory disease causedby SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic that the detection level of cases changed daily, and it can track almost in real-time. This paper used a narrative literaturereview to address issues of urban quality and lack of exercise. The specific aim was to discuss the concept of a healthy city, indicate a new urban model, andadvocate for the increased use of bicycles, outdoor gym/outdoor exercise, walking to reducing pollution, and improving physical, psychological, and social fitness. A healthy city can improve residents’ health by improving conditions of life to face COVID-19 pandemics. It needs the local capacity to prevent thespread of the diseases and design public health concepts concerning the built environment and contemporary towns in a new urban model. Dialogue opportunities in public health can provide essential guidance for designers (architects and town planners), decision-makers, public health experts, and health agencies locally, promoting the actions and policies to transform the city into a healthier neighborhood and salutogenesis.
References
1.Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JKJTL. Clinical evidence does not sup-port corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury.2020;395(10223):473-5.2.Motlagh A, Yamrali M, Azghandi S, Azadeh P, Vaezi M, Ashrafi F, et al. COVID19 prevention & care; a cancer specific guideline.2020;23(4):255-64.3.Meters W. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic 2021; 2021.4.World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard 2021; 2021.5.Ferguson NM, Laydon D, Nedjati-Gilani G, Imai N, Ainslie K, BaguelinM, et al. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduceCOVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand. Imperial CollegeCOVID-19 Response Team. 2020:20.6.Gupta D, Biswas D, Kabiraj PJG. COVID-19 outbreak and Urban dy-namics: regional variations in India. 2021:1-19.7.Allaria C, Loubière S, Mosnier E, Monfardini E, Auquier P, Tinland A. “Locked down outside”: perception of hazard and health resources in COVID-19 epidemic context among homeless people. SSM -PopulationHealth. 2021;15:100829.8.Galanis G, Hanieh A. Incorporating social determinants of health intomodelling of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases: a baselinesocio-economic compartmental model. Social Science & Medicine. 2021;274:113794.9.United Nations. 68% of the world population projected to live in ur-ban areas by 2050, says UN 2018; 2018.10.Wu X, Nethery RC, Sabath BM, Braun D, Dominici F. Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States. J MedRxiv; 2020.11.Rendana M, Komariah LN. The relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 cases and its implications for air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan. 2021;11(1):93-100.12.Moglia M, Frantzeskaki N, Newton P, Pineda-Pinto M, Witheridge J, Cook S, et al. Accelerating a green recovery of cities: lessons from ascoping review and a proposal for mission-oriented recovery towards post-pandemic urban resilience. Developments in the Built Environment. 2021;7:100052.13.Useche SA, Esteban C, Alonso F, Montoro L. Are Latin American cy-cling commuters “at risk”? A comparative study on cycling patterns, behaviors, and crashes with non-commuter cyclists. Accident Analysis& Prevention. 2021;150:105915.14.Bibri SE. Data-driven smart sustainable cities of the future: an evi-dence synthesis approach to a comprehensive state-of-the-art literaturereview. Sustainable Futures. 2021;3:100047.15.Anonymous. The world's healthiest cities: Spotahome Cities BarcelonaBerlin Brussels Dublin London Madrid Milan Rome Valencia; 2021.16.Capolongo S, Rebecchi A, Buffoli M, Appolloni L, Signorelli C, Fara GM, et al. COVID-19 and Cities: from Urban Health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A Decalogue of Public Health Opportunities. Actabio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. 2020;91(2):13-22.17.Aliyu AA, Amadu L. Urbanization, cities, and health: the challenges toNigeria - A review. Ann Afr Med. 2017;16(4):149-58.18.Tonne C, Adair L, Adlakha D, Anguelovski I, Belesova K, Berger M, et al. Defining pathways to healthy sustainable urban development. Environment international. 2021;146:106236.19.Roberts D. Barcelona wants to build 500 superblocks. Here’s what it learned from the first ones. Vox Media, LLC.; 2019.20.Pozoukidou G, Chatziyiannaki Z. 15-Minute City: decomposing theNew Urban planning Eutopia. Sustainability. 2021;13(2):928.21.Nuwer R. Hamburg Plans to Become Car-Free By 2034 But should there really be zero cars? Smithsonian Magazine; 2014. 8122.Urry J, Leach J, Dunn N, Coulton C. The little book of car free cities.Lancaster University; 2017.23.Pei L, Wang X, Guo B, Guo H, Yu Y. Do air pollutants as well as me-teorological factors impact Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?Evidence from China based on the geographical perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research; 2021.24.Skirienė AF, Stasiškienė Ž. COVID-19 and air pollution: measuring pandemic impact to air quality in five European countries. Atmosphere. 2021;12(3):290.25.Gkatzelis GI, Gilman JB, Brown SS, Eskes H, Gomes AR, Lange AC, etal. The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollu-tion : a critical review and recommendations. Elementa: Science of theAnthropocene 2021;9(1).26.Mortaz E, Malkmohammad M, Jamaati H, Naghan PA, Hashemian SM,Tabarsi P, et al. Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020;20(1):269.27.Palacin V, Ferrario MA, Hsieh G, Knutas A, Wolff A, Porras J. Human values and digital citizen science interactions. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 2021;149:102605.28.Katewongsa P, Widyastari DA, Saonuam P, Haemathulin N, Wongsingha N. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physi-cal activity of the Thai population: evidence from Thailand'ssurveillance on physical activity 2020. Journal of sport and health sci-ence. 2021;10(3):341-8.29.Teixeira JF, Lopes M. The link between bike sharing and subway use during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case-study of New York's citibike. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives.2020;6:100166.30.Jobe J, Griffin GP. Bike share responses to COVID-19. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2021;10:100353.31.Zhang J, Hayashi Y, Frank LD. COVID-19 and transport: findings from a world-wide expert survey. Transport Policy. 2021;103:68-85.32.Boons F, Doherty B, Köhler J, Papachristos G, Wells P. Disrupting transitions: Qualitatively modelling the impact of Covid-19 on UK foodand mobility provision. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 2021;40:1-19.33.Combs TS, Pardo CF. Shifting streets COVID-19 mobility data: Findings from a global dataset and a research agenda for transport planning and policy. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2021;9:100322.34.Molloy J, Schatzmann T, Schoeman B, Tchervenkov C, Hintermann B, Axhausen KW. Observed impacts of the Covid-19 first wave on travel behaviour in Switzerland based on a large GPS panel. Transport Policy. 2021;104:43-51.35.Tan L, Ma C. Choice behavior of commuters' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). 2021;8(2):186-95.36.Kazemzadeh K, Koglin T. Electric bike (non)users’ health and comfort concerns pre and peri a world pandemic (COVID-19): A qualitative study. Journal of Transport & Health. 2021;20:101014.37.Torrisi V, Ignaccolo M, Inturri G, Tesoriere G, Campisi T. Exploring the factors affecting bike-sharing demand: evidence from student per-ceptions, usage patterns and adoption barriers. Transportation Research Procedia. 2021;52:573-80.38.Rothengatter W, Zhang J, Hayashi Y, Nosach A, Wang K, Oum TH. Pandemic waves and the time after Covid-19 – Consequences for thetransport sector. Transport Policy. 2021;110:225-37.39.Friedman A. Car-Free Environments and Shared Streets. In:editor.^editors. Fundamentals of Sustainable Urban Design. ed.: Springer. 2021 p. 181-6.40.Azhari JR. Melihat Jalur Sepeda di Lima Kota Dunia, Bisa Jadi Contoh Bagi Jakarta; 2019.
Recommended Citation
Hasyim H , Dale P .
COVID-19 and The City: A Healthy City Strategy for Pandemic Challenges, from Planning to Action.
Kesmas.
2021;
16(5):
75-81
DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v0i0.5203
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/kesmas/vol16/iss5/14