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Authors

Andi Cahaya Tahir, Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Follow
Juferdy Kurniawan, Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Follow
Marcellus Simadibrata, Gastroenterology Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaFollow
Aulia Rizka, Geriatrics Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaFollow
Hamzah Shatri, Psychosomatic and Palliative Medicine‬ Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia‬‬‬‬‬‬‬Follow
Cosmas Rinaldi A. Lesmana, Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta, 10430, IndonesiaFollow
Nadia Ayu Mulansari, Hematology Medical Oncology‬ Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia‬‬‬‬‬‬‬Follow

Abstract

Introduction. Esophageal variceal bleeding is one of the complications caused by an increase in pressure within the portal vein blood vessels. The gold standard examination for portal pressure is the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), but HVPG examination is invasive, involving transjugular catheterization of the hepatic vein. Currently, non-invasive methods for measuring portal hypertension are being developed to predict esophageal varices and esophageal variceal bleeding using spleen stiffness measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of spleen stiffness measurement in predicting recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort design with secondary data sourced from medical records at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Spleen stiffness assessment was conducted using the vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) spleen-dedicated stiffness measurement (FibroScan®, Echosens, France) with a frequency of 100Hz. After six weeks post-first esophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis patients, an evaluation of recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding was performed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26. The ability of spleen stiffness measurement to predict recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding was assessed by evaluating the AUROC (area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic) curve.

Results. A total of 102 liver cirrhosis patients who experienced first-time esophageal variceal bleeding were included in the study. Recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding was found in 23/102 (22.5%) liver cirrhosis patients. There was a significant difference in spleen stiffness values between the two groups, with higher values in the group of patients with recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding (90.9 kPa (IQR: 86.5 – 96.2) vs. 59.3 kPa (IQR: 45.2 – 74.3), p < 0.001). The AUC value of spleen stiffness for predicting recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding provided good predictability, with an AUC value of 0.898 (95% CI 0.808 – 0.988), p < 0.001. The cut-off value of spleen stiffness at 70 kPa yielded a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 65% in predicting recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding.

Conclusion. Spleen stiffness measurement can be beneficial as an evaluation method to assess the likelihood of recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis at the 6th week after the first bleeding episode.

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan. Perdarahan varises esofagus merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang disebabkan adanya kenaikan tekanan di dalam pembuluh darah vena porta. Standar baku pemeriksaan tekanan portal ialah hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), namun pemeriksaan HVPG bersifat invasif dengan melakukan kateterisasi transjugular pada vena hepatika. Saat ini, metode non-invasif dalam mengukur hipertensi portal mulai dikembangkan dalam hal memprediksi varises esofagus maupun perdarahan varises esofagus menggunakan pengukuran kekakuan limpa. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengevaluasi akurasi pengukuran limpa dalam memprediksi perdarahan varises esofagus berulang pada pasien sirosis hati.

Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif dengan sumber data sekunder yang berasal dari rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional (RSUPN) Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Penilaian derajat kekakuan limpa dilakukan menggunakan alat vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) spleen-dedicated stiffness measurement (FibroScan®, Echosense, Perancis) dengan frekuensi 100Hz. Paska 6-minggu setelah pasien sirosis hati mengalami perdarahan varises esofagus pertama, dilakukan evaluasi mengenai perdarahan varises esofagus berulang. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan SPSS 26. Kemampuan pengukuran kekakuan limpa untuk memprediksi perdarahan varises esofagus berulang dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi kurva AUROC (area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic).

Hasil. Sebanyak 102 pasien sirosis hati yang mengalami perdarahan varises esofagus pertama kali masuk menjadi sampel penelitian. Perdarahan varises esofagus berulang ditemukan pada 23/102 (22,5%) pasien sirosis hati. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam nilai kekakuan limpa antara kedua kelompok, dengan nilai yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok pasien dengan perdarahan berulang varises esofagus (90,9 kPa (RIK: 86,5 – 96,2) vs. 59,3 kPa (RIK: 45,2 – 74,3), p < 0,001). Nilai AUC kekakuan limpa untuk memprediksi perdarahan varises esofagus berulang memberikan prediktabilitas yang baik, dengan nilai AUC: 0,898 (IK 95% 0,808 – 0,988), nilai p

Kesimpulan. Pengukuran kekakuan limpa dapat bermanfaat sebagai metode evaluasi untuk menilai kemungkinan terjadinya perdarahan varises esofagus berulang di minggu ke-6 paska perdarahan pertama pada pasien dengan sirosis hati.

Kata Kunci: perdarahan varises esofagus berulang, performa kekakuan limpa, sirosis hati

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