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Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern arising from a mutation causing substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the sixth amino acid of the β-globin chain. The clinical manifestation of SCD varies from acute pain, chronic anemia, to multi-organ infarct and failure. SCD is known to be rare in Indonesia. However, we recently encountered a SCD patient presenting with recurrent pain and hypesthesia since a year ago. The diagnosis of SCD in this patient was established based on the results of peripheral blood smear and hemoglobin electrophoresis. The patient had previously been diagnosed with thalassemia at the age of 19 years old due to a history of icterus, thus delaying prompt treatment. This further emphasizes the challenges in distinguishing SCD, which is relatively rare in Indonesia compared to thalassemia, especially considering the complexity and the variability in the phenotypic presentation of SCD. The patient was then given supportive therapy consisting of blood transfusion and symptomatic treatment, as well as consideration to administer hydroxyurea if the patient’s clinical condition worsens.

Bahasa Abstract

Penyakit sel sabit merupakan hemoglobinopati yang diturunkan secara autosomal resesif akibat mutasi asam amino keenam dari gen β-globin. Penyakit ini umumnya ditandai dengan episode nyeri akut, anemia kronis, infark organ, hingga kerusakan organ kronis. Penyakit sel sabit umumnya jarang dijumpai di Indonesia. Namun, baru-baru ini kami menemukan pasien dengan penyakit sel sabit yang datang dengan presentasi klinis berupa rasa kebas dan nyeri berulang sejak satu tahun terakhir. Diagnosis penyakit sel sabit pada pasien ini ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil gambaran darah tepi dan elektroforesis hemoglobin. Sebelumnya, pasien tersebut sempat dianggap mengalami talasemia sejak usia 19 tahun karena memiliki riwayat kuning pada seluruh tubuh. Hal tersebut membuat tata laksana yang tepat menjadi tertunda, mengingat bahwa presentasi fenotipe penyakit sel sabit bersifat kompleks dan variatif sehingga seringkali terjadi salah diagnosis dengan talasemia. Saat ini, pasien tersebut mendapatkan terapi suportif berupa transfusi darah dan terapi simtomatik, serta pertimbangan pemberian hidroksiurea bila terdapat perburukan kondisi klinis pasien.

Kata Kunci: Anemia hemolitik, hemoglobinopati, krisis oklusi pembuluh darah, penyakit sel sabit

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