•  
  •  
 

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Abstract

The Constitutional Court of Indonesia decided to grant a request of the Deputy Chairman of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to extend the term of office of the KPK from 4 years to 5 years. This brought up public attention on Twitter, including members of the House of Representatives (DPR). Social network analysis was used to discover how the discussion appeared on the Twitter network and the actors involved (using indegree, outdegree, and betweenness centrality derived from graph theory). The Netlytic program recorded 6,195 uploads from May 25, 2023, to June 1, 2023. the Gephi application detects 3377 nodes and 5050 edges. The analysis showed a domination of words with negative nuances. In terms of indegree, news media still stands as an important resource for the Twitter users, although the space for regular users being popular is widely open. Regular users also were able to participate more actively with less restriction. However, institutions or politicians were not engaged in the discussion. These findings should be an evaluation for the government in managing their relationship with the public.

References

Ahmed, W., Vidal-Alaball, J., Downing, J., & Seguí, F. L. (2020). COVID-19 and the 5G conspiracy theory: social network analysis of Twitter data. Journal of medical internet research, 22(5), e19458. https://doi.10.2196/19458

Alim, A. S., & Rahmawati, D. E. (2021). Komunikasi Politik Anies Baswedan melalui Sosial Media Twitter. Jurnal Academia Praja, 4(2), 441–453. https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v4i2.334

Aragón, P., Kappler, K. E., Kaltenbrunner, A., Laniado, D., & Volkovich, Y. (2013). Communication dynamics in Twitter during political campaigns: The case of the 2011 Spanish national election. Policy & Internet, 5(2), 183–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/1944-2866.POI327

Arce-García, S., Vila, F., & Fondevila-Gascón, J.-F. (2022). Analysis of the Twitter discourse in the 2019 electoral debates in Spain: a comparative algorithmic study. Communication & Society, 35(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.35.1.45-61

Ardiyanti, H., Revianti Sunarwinadi, I., & Rusadi, U. (2022). Visualization on Twitter Activism Networks and Opinion Leaders: The Case of #FreeWestPapua. Jurnal The Messenger, 14(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v14i1.4049

Argawati, U. (2023, March 25). Masa Jabatan Pimpinan KPK Lima Tahun. Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19196&menu=2

Ash-Shidiq, M. A., & Pratama, A. R. (2021). Ujaran Kebencian Di Kalangan Pengguna Media Sosial Di Indonesia: Agama Dan Pandangan Politik. Automata, 2(1), 1–10. https://journal.uii.ac.id/AUTOMATA/article/view/17286

Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 3(1), 361–362. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v3i1.13937

Beaufort, M. (2018). Digital media, political polarization and challenges to democracy. Information, Communication & Society, 21(7), 915–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1451909

Borah, A., & Singh, S. R. (2022). Investigating political polarization in India through the lens of Twitter. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00939-z

Borondo, J., Morales, A. J., Benito, R. M., & Losada, J. C. (2014). Mapping the online communication patterns of political conversations. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 414, 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2014.06.089

Bruns, A., & Burgess, J. (2011). #Ausvotes: How Twitter covered the 2010 Australian federal election. Communication, Politics & Culture, 44(2), 37–56. https://search.informit.org/doi/epdf/10.3316/ielapa.627330171744964

Bruns, A., & Highfield, T. (2013). Political Networks on Twitter. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 667–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.782328

Budiarsa, Y. T., & Riski, W. N. (2021). Komunikasi Politik Daring: Studi Perbincangan Politik Di Twitter Pada Masa Kampanye Pemilihan Presiden Indonesia 2019. Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Media, 1(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24167/jkm.v1i1.2845

Budiharto, W., & Meiliana, M. (2018). Prediction and analysis of Indonesia Presidential election from Twitter using sentiment analysis. Journal of Big data, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-018-0164-1

Butts, C. T. (2008). Social network analysis: A methodological introduction. Asian Journal Of Social Psychology, 11(1), 13–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00241.x

Campbell, S. W., & Kwak, N. (2011). Political Involvement in “Mobilized” Society: The Interactive Relationships Among Mobile Communication, Network Characteristics, and Political Participation. Journal of Communication, 61(6), 1005–1024. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01601.x

Campos-Domínguez, E., & Calvo, D. (2016). Participation and topics of discussion of Spaniards in the digital public sphere. Communication & Society, 29(4), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.35816

Chaves-Montero, A. (2023). Social Services and Twitter: Analysis of Socio-Political Discourse in Spain from 2015 to 2019. Sustainability, 15(4), 3177. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043177

Chen, M., Mangalathu, S., & Jeon, J.-S. (2023). Betweenness Centrality-Based seismic risk management for bridge transportation networks. Engineering Structures, 289, 116301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116301

Choi, M., Sang, Y., & Woo Park, H. (2014). Exploring political discussions by Korean Twitter users. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 66(6), 582–602. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-11-2012-0089

Dagoula, C. (2019). Mapping Political Discussions on Twitter: Where the Elites Remain Elites. Media and Communication, 7(1), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1764

Eom, S.-J., Hwang, H., & Kim, J. H. (2018). Can social media increase government responsiveness? A case study of Seoul, Korea. Government Information Quarterly, 35(1), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.10.002

Eriksson, M. (2018). Lessons for Crisis Communication on Social Media: A Systematic Review of What Research Tells the Practice. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(5), 526–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1510405

Esteve Del Valle, M., & Borge Bravo, R. (2018). Leaders or Brokers? Potential Influencers in Online Parliamentary Networks. Policy & Internet, 10(1), 61–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.150

Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T., & Frey, D. (2008). Self-regulation and selective exposure: The impact of depleted self-regulation resources on confirmatory information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(3), 382–395. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.382

Freelon, D. G. (2010). Analyzing online political discussion using three models of democratic communication. New Media & Society, 12(7), 1172–1190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809357927

Gökçe, O. Z., Hatipoğlu, E., Göktürk, G., Luetgert, B., & Saygin, Y. (2014). Twitter and politics: Identifying Turkish opinion leaders in new social media. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 671-688.

González-Bailón, S., & Wang, N. (2016). Networked discontent: The anatomy of protest campaigns in social media. Social Networks, 44, 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2015.07.003

Graham, M. W., Avery, E. J., & Park, S. (2015). The role of social media in local government crisis communications. Public Relations Review, 41(3), 386–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.02.001

Grandjean, M. (2016). A social network analysis of Twitter: Mapping the digital humanities community. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 3(1), 1171458. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2016.1171458

Gruzd, A., Mai, P., & Kampen, A. (2016). A How-to for Using Netlytic to Collect and Analyze Social Media Data: A Case Study of the Use of Twitter During the 2014 Euromaidan Revolution in Ukraine. In L. Sloan & A. Quan-Haase (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods (pp. 513–529). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473983847.n30

Guerrero-Solé, F. (2018). Interactive Behavior in Political Discussions on Twitter: Politicians, Media, and Citizens’ Patterns of Interaction in the 2015 and 2016 Electoral Campaigns in Spain. Social Media + Society, 4(4), 205630511880877. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118808776

Habermas, J. (1996). The public sphere. In P. Marris & S. Thornham (Eds.), Media studies: A reader, (2nd Ed., pp. 50-59). Edinburgh University Press.

Habibi, M. N. (2019). Analysis of Indonesia politics polarization before 2019 president election using sentiment analysis and social network analysis. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 11(11), 22-30. https://doi.10.5815/ijmecs.2019.11.04

Hafiez, F. A. (2023, March 27). MK Dinilai Tak Memikirkan Implikasi dari Putusan Memperpanjang Masa Jabatan Pimpinan KPK. MetroTVNews.Com. https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/ba4C0Qpg-mk-dinilai-tak-memikirkan-implikasi-dari-putusan-memperpanjang-masa-jabatan-pimpinan-kpk.

Hasfi, N., Santosa, H. P., & Lukmantoro, T. (2015). Twitter dan Pemilu di Indonesia: Propaganda di Ruang Publik Maya. In I. P. Hadi (Ed.), Information and Communication Technology, dan Literasi Media Digital (1st ed., pp. 23–38). ASPIKOM.

Hemafitria, H., Novianty, F. N. F., & Fitriani, F. (2021). Partisipasi Politik dalam Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah di Desa Perapakan Kabupaten Sambas. Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan), 2(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.26418/jppkn.v2i1.45310

Hilbert, M., Vásquez, J., Halpern, D., Valenzuela, S., & Arriagada, E. (2017). One Step, Two Step, Network Step? Complementary Perspectives on Communication Flows in Twittered Citizen Protests. Social Science Computer Review, 35(4), 444–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316639561

Himelboim, I., McCreery, S., & Smith, M. (2013). Birds of a Feather Tweet Together: Integrating Network and Content Analyses to Examine Cross-Ideology Exposure on Twitter. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(2), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12001

Himelboim, I., Smith, M. A., Rainie, L., Shneiderman, B., & Espina, C. (2017). Classifying Twitter topic-networks using social network analysis. Social media+ society, 3(1), 2056305117691545.

Jacomy, M., Venturini, T., Heymann, S., & Bastian, M. (2014). ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e98679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098679

Lee, H., & Hahn, K. S. (2018). Partisan selective following on Twitter over time: polarization or depolarization? Asian Journal of Communication, 28(3), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1384845

Lin, X., Spence, P. R., Sellnow, T. L., & Lachlan, K. A. (2016). Crisis communication, learning and responding: Best practices in social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 601–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.080

López-Rabadán, P., & Mellado, C. (2019). Twitter as a space for interaction in political journalism. Dynamics, consequences and proposal of interactivity scale for social media. Communication & Society, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.37810

Majeed, A., & Rauf, I. (2020). Graph theory: A comprehensive survey about graph theory applications in computer science and social networks. Inventions, 5(1), 10. 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions5010010

McGregor, S. C., & Mourão, R. R. (2016). Talking politics on Twitter: Gender, elections, and social networks. Social media+ society, 2(3), 2056305116664218. https://doi.org/10.1177/205630511666421

Meneses, L. (2019). Netlytic. Renaissance and Reformation, 42(1), 352. https://doi.org/10.7202/1064533ar

Milani, E., Weitkamp, E., & Webb, P. (2020). The visual vaccine debate on Twitter: A social network analysis. Media and Communication, 8(2), 364-375. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2847

Moral, P. (2023). Restoring reputation through digital diplomacy: the European Union’s strategic narratives on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic. Communication & Society, 241–269. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.36.2.241-269

Myers, S. A., Sharma, A., Gupta, P., & Lin, J. (2014, April). Information network or social network? The structure of the Twitter follow graph. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web, 493-498. https://doi.org/10.1145/2567948.2576939

Norris, P. (2012). Prólogo. In I. R. Vielba & E. C. Domínguez (Eds.), Ciudadanía en 3D (pp. 11–16). Edhasa.

Nurmandi, A. (2014, August 25-26). Social media use: Rethinking Civic engagement in government. [Conference Presentation]. International Conperence on Public Organization, Asia Pacific Society for Public Affairs, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. https://mip.umy.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/SOCIAL-MEDIA-USE-RETHINKING-CIVIC-ENGAGEMENT-IN-GOVERNMENT.pdf

Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The virtual sphere: The internet as a public sphere. New media & society, 4(1), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614440222226244

Papacharissi, Z. (2009). The virtual geographies of social networks: a comparative analysis of Facebook, LinkedIn and ASmallWorld. New media & society, 11(1-2), 199-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444808099577

Pascual-Ferrá, P., Alperstein, N., & Barnett, D. J. (2022). Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Public Discourse on Twitter: Implications for Risk Communication. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 16(2), 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.347

Pérez Dasilva, J., Meso Ayerdi, K., & Mendiguren Galdospín, T. (2018). ¿Dialogan los líderes políticos españoles en Twitter con los medios de comunicación y periodistas? Communication & Society, 31(3), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.31.3.299-315

Praet, S., Martens, D., & Van Aelst, P. (2021). Patterns of democracy? Social network analysis of parliamentary Twitter networks in 12 countries. Online Social Networks and Media, 24, 100154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100154

Putri, Z. (2023, May 25). Eks Ketua WP Buka Suara soal MK Ubah Masa Jabatan Pimpinan KPK Jadi 5 Tahun. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6738607/eks-ketua-wp-buka-suara-soal-mk-ubah-masa-jabatan-pimpinan-kpk-jadi-5-tahun/1

Rahbarqazi, M., & Nourbakhsh, S. (2023). The Effect of Social Media on Iranian Citizens’ Electoral Participation and Political Action. Communication & Society, 89–95. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.36.2.83-95

Recuero, R., Zago, G., & Soares, F. (2019). Using Social Network Analysis and Social Capital to Identify User Roles on Polarized Political Conversations on Twitter. Social Media + Society, 5(2), 205630511984874. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119848745

Rheingold, H. (2000). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier (Revision). MIT Press.

Rivas-de-Roca, R., García-Gordillo, M., & Bezunartea-Valencia, O. (2020). The far-right’s influence on Twitter during the 2018 Andalusian elections: an approach through political leaders. Communication & Society, 33(2), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.33.2.227-242

Sadri, A. M., Hasan, S., Ukkusuri, S. V., & Suarez Lopez, J. E. (2018). Analysis of social interaction network properties and growth on Twitter. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 8(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-018-0533-y

Samatan, N., Fatoni, A., & Murtiasih, S. (2020). Disaster Communication Patterns and Behaviors on Social Media: A Study Social Network #BANJIR2020 on Twitter. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(4), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.844

Scott, J. (2013). Social Network Analysis (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Skovsgaard, M., & Dalen, A. van. (2015). Not Just a Face(book) in the Crowd Candidates’ Use of Facebook during the Danish 2011 Parliamentary Election Campaign. In A. Bruns, G. Enli, E. Skogerbo, A. O. Larsson, & C. Christensen (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics (1st ed., pp. 351–363). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716299

Smith, M. A. (2013). NodeXL: Simple network analysis for social media. 2013 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/CTS.2013.6567211

Sumartias, S., Pulubuhu, D. A. T., Sudarmono, S., Noorlistyo Adi, A., & Ratnasari, E. (2023). Democracy in the Indonesian Digital Public Sphere: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Users’ Responses to the Issue of Nationalism Knowledge Test at the Corruption Eradication Commission (TWK-KPK). Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 26(3), 240-257. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.70896

Sunstein, C. (2009). Going to extremes. Oxford University Press.

Suratnoaji, C., Arianto, I. D., & Sumardjijati, S. (2018). Strength map of presidential candidates 2019 in Indonesia based on a nodeXL analysis of big data from Twitter. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 6(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.15206/ajpor.2018.6.1.31

Tabassum, S., Pereira, F. S., Fernandes, S., & Gama, J. (2018). Social network analysis: An overview. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 8(5), e1256. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1256

Tazri, M. (2019). Politik Hujat dalam Sistem Komunikasi Politik Indonesia (Studi Fenomenologi Cebong-Kampret). Jurnal Communiverse, 4(2), 9–15. http://jurnal.univrab.ac.id/index.php/cmv/article/view/851

Triwijaya, A. F., Fajrin, Y. A., & Wibowo, A. P. (2020). Quo Vadis: Pancasila Sebagai Jiwa Hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan), 1(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.26418/jppkn.v1i2.41083

Verweij, P. (2012). Twitter links between politicians and journalists. Journalism practice, 6(5-6), 680-691.https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.667272

Wold, T. (2022). Alternative news on social media in Norway. Communication & Society, 35(1), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.35.1.137-150

Yaqub, U., Chun, S. A., Atluri, V., & Vaidya, J. (2017). Analysis of political discourse on twitter in the context of the 2016 US presidential elections. Government Information Quarterly, 34(4), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.11.001

Zempi, C. N., & Rahayu, R. (2019). Social Media in the Anticorruption Movement: Social Network Analysis on the Refusal of the “Koruptor Boleh Nyaleg” Decision on Twitter. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(2), 92-103. https://doi.10.7454/jki.v8i2.11195

Share

COinS