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Abstract

The first phase (2022–2024) of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) relocation prioritizes the construction of the city's physical infrastructure under the “Nusa Rimba Raya” concept. During this phase, the massive development of supporting infrastructure, including government buildings, official residences, toll roads, ports, and the VVIP airport, has driven increased demand for materials and land, impacting areas beyond the delineation of IKN. However, the power-driven approach in the capital relocation policy has led to socio-ecological injustices for indigenous and local communities by disregarding meaningful public participation and environmental sustainability. Land acquisition through the Land Bank (Bank Tanah), which prioritizes investment, along with the increasing conversion of land for development purposes, has resulted in displacement and human rights violations that threaten the well-being of affected communities. This paper analyzes the significant impact of the capital relocation policy on areas beyond the IKN delineation, focusing on two key aspects. First, it examines autocratic legalism in the capital relocation policy. Second, infrastructure development threatens environmental sustainability, exacerbating socio-ecological inequalities for coastal communities that risk losing their living spaces and livelihood. These two aspects push local communities beyond the IKN delineation into a state of multiple marginalization.

Bahasa Abstract

Pemindahan Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) pada tahap pertama (2022-2024) memprioritaskan pembangunan infrastruktur fisik kota di bawah konsep “Nusa Rimba Raya.” Pada tahap ini, pembangunan infrastruktur pendukung seperti gedung pemerintahan, rumah dinas, jalan tol, pelabuhan, dan bandara telah mendorong peningkatan permintaan lahan dan material pembangunan. Dampaknya kemudian dirasakan sampai  di luar batas wilayah delineasi IKN. Namun, kebijakan pemindahan IKN yang mengabaikan partisipasi publik bermakna telah menimbulkan ketidakadilan sosial-ekologis bagi masyarakat adat dan lokal. Pengadaan tanah melalui Bank Tanah, yang lebih memprioritaskan investasi, disertai dengan meningkatnya alih fungsi lahan untuk kepentingan pembangunan, telah menyebabkan penggusuran dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang mengancam kesejahteraan masyarakat terdampak. Tulisan ini menganalisis dampak kebijakan pemindahan ibu kota terhadap wilayah di luar delineasi IKN dengan menyoroti dua aspek utama. Pertama, tulisan ini membahas legalisme otokratis dalam kebijakan pemindahan IKN. Kedua, pembangunan infrastruktur yang masif dan berdampak memperparah ketimpangan sosial-ekologis bagi masyarakat pesisir. Kedua aspek ini mendorong masyarakat lokal di luar delineasi IKN ke dalam kondisi marjinalisasi berlapis.

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