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Abstract

Indonesia, particularly urban agglomeration areas such as Bogor, continues to face major challenges related to air quality, resulting in an increased risk of airborne disease transmission. This study aimed to assess the burden of airborne diseases and determine health problem priorities in Bogor City using surveillance data from 2022 to October 2024. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted in Bogor City using surveillance data from 2022 to 2024. Health problem prioritization was performed using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)-adapted Hanlon method through structured questionnaires administered to an expert panel consisting of health office officials and heads of primary healthcare centers. The analysis identified three major priorities: Tuberculosis (Basic Priority Rating/BPR: 34.95), Pneumonia (BPR: 18.99), and Varicella (BPR: 9.54). Tuberculosis emerged as the highest priority due to an unusual increase in mortality, reaching 4.13% despite high treatment coverage, indicating potential gaps in early detection. Pneumonia demonstrated an extreme increase in incidence, reaching 1,387 cases per 100,000 population, which was closely associated with elevated PM2.5 levels. Varicella ranked as the third priority with 1,008 reported cases within four months, reflecting potential gaps in herd immunity. Systemic risk factors included high population density, commuter mobility, and insufficient number of healthcare workers. Strengthening contact investigation, expanding preventive therapy, and integrating cross-sectoral policies to improve air quality and optimize digital surveillance systems are urgently needed to interrupt disease transmission in urban settings.

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Bahasa Abstract

Indonesia khususnya di wilayah aglomerasi seperti Kota Bogor menghadapi tantangan besar terkait kualitas udara sehingga memiliki risiko tinggi penularan penyakit melalui udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beban penyakit tular udara dan menentukan prioritas masalah kesehatan di Kota Bogor menggunakan data surveilans periode 2022 hingga Oktober 2024. Studi epidemiologi deskriptif ini dilakukan di Kota Bogor menggunakan data surveilans  periode 2022–2024. Penentuan prioritas masalah dilakukan menggunakan metode Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) yang diadaptasi dari Hanlon melalui kuesioner terstruktur kepada panel ahli yang terdiri dari pejabat struktural Dinas Kesehatan dan kepala Puskesmas. Analisis menetapkan tiga prioritas utama yaitu Tuberkulosis (Basic Priority Rating/BPR: 34,95), Pneumonia (BPR: 18,99), dan Cacar Air (BPR: 9,54). TBC menjadi prioritas tertinggi karena anomali lonjakan angka kematian mencapai 4,13% di tengah cakupan pengobatan yang tinggi mengindikasi adanya kesenjangan deteksi dini. Pneumonia menunjukkan lonjakan insidensi ekstrem mencapai 1.387 per 100.000 penduduk yang berkaitan erat dengan kenaikan kadar PM2.5. Cacar air muncul sebagai prioritas ketiga dengan 1.008 kasus dalam empat bulan akibat adanya celah imunitas kelompok. Faktor risiko sistemik meliputi kepadatan penduduk, mobilitas komuter, serta keterbatasan jumlah petugas. Diperlukan penguatan investigasi kontak, pemberian terapi pencegahan, serta integrasi kebijakan lintas sektor untuk perbaikan kualitas udara dan optimalisasi surveilans digital untuk memutus rantai penularan penyakit di wilayah urban.

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