•  
  •  
 

Abstract

As colonial Indonesia never was intended to be a “settler colony”, many Dutch citizens spent only a certain period of their lives there before returning to the Netherlands. However, there were also Europeans, many with Asian-European roots, who had called the colony home for generations and were forced to leave that home after 1945.

All these different types of colonial migrants were displaced and maintained, built and reinforced their relations with the country (whether it was the colony or the “motherland”) they had left. This transnationalism (or, as I argue here, imperial orientation) took shape not only legally or relationally but also experientially (D. Ip, C. Inglis, and C.T. Wu 1997).

In this article I show how, in both the colonial and post-colonial periods, objects helped European colonial migrants establish and maintain social relationships. Objects shaped identities and people’s status; bolstering increase migrants’ sense of “a continuous transnational self and identity”, a feeling of home, but also feelings of displacement.

References

Annual Report Rijksmuseum Volkenkunde Leiden 1967 (The Hague 1969).

Balgooy, Liselotte. 1979. “Een Indisch meisje in Amerika (slot)”, Moesson, 15-2-1979, pp. 12-13.

Bastiaans, W.Ch.J. 1961. “Sian Tik Kong, een Chinese huisgod”, Tong Tong, 15-2-1961, p. 10.

Basu, Paul and Simon Coleman. 2008. “Introduction; Migrants worlds, material cultures”, Mobilities 3(3): 313-330.

Bosma, Ulbe. 2005. “Het cultuurstelsel en zijn buitenlandse ondernemers; Java tussen oud en nieuw kolonialisme”, Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis 2(2): 3-28.

Christou, Anastasia and Hania Janta. 2019. “The significance of things; Objects, emotions and cultural production in migrant women’s return visits home”, The Sociological Review 67(3): 654-671.

Colomer, Laia. 2013. “Managing the heritage of immigrants; Elderly refugees, homesickness, and cultural identities”, The European Archaeologist 39: 17-22.

Colomer-Solsona, L. 2020. “Doing things/things doing; mobility, things, humans, home, and the affectivity of migration”, in: Laia Colomer and Anna Catalani (eds), Heritage discourses in Europe; Responding to migration, mobility, and cultural identities in the twenty-first century, pp. 83-97. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Cooper, Frederick. 2005. Colonialism in question; Theory, knowledge, history. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Cooper, Frederick and Ann Laura Stoler (eds). 1997. Tensions of Empire; Colonial cultures in a Bourgeois World. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Couperus, Louis. 1897. Metamorfoze. Amsterdam: Veen.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. and E. Rochberg-Halton. 1981. The meaning of things; Domestic symbols and the self. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Daly, Suzanne. 2011. The Empire inside; Indian commodities in Victorian domestic novels. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

De Mul, Sarah. 2010. “Nostalgia for Empire; ‘Tempo doeloe’ in contemporary Dutch literature”, Memory Studies 3: 413-428.

De Vrouw 1813-1913. Exhibition catalogue.

Drieënhuizen, Caroline. 2012. Koloniale collecties, Nederlands aanzien. De Europese elite van Nederlands-Indië belicht door haar verzamelingen, 1811-1957. Unpublished PhD-thesis, University of Amsterdam.

Drieënhuizen, Caroline. 2014. “Objects, nostalgia and the Dutch colonial elite in times of transition, ca. 1900-1970”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 170(4): 504-529.

Drieënhuizen, Caroline. 2019. “Leven(s) met objecten. De Europese elite van koloniaal Indonesië, haar verzamelingen en identificatie rond 1900”, De Moderne Tijd 3(3); 227-248.

Gatsonides, Maus. 1962. “Music makes me. Anneke Grönloh”, Tong Tong, 15-1-1962, p. 12.

Glick Schiller, Nina, Linda Basch and Cristina Blanc-Szanton. 1992. “Transnationalism; A new analytic framework for understanding migration”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 645(1): 1-24.

Heyting, L.C. 1970. “Modern Bali-beeldhouwwerk”, Tong Tong, 15-9-1970, p. 6.

Hirsch, Marianne and Leo Spitzer. 2006. “Testimonial objects; Memory, gender, and transmission”, Poetics Today 27: 353-383.

Hobson, R.L. 1934. A catalogue of Chinese pottery and porcelain in the collection of Sir Percival David. London: Stourton Press.

Ip, D., C. Inglis, and C.T. Wu. 1997. “Concepts of citizenship and identity among recent Asian immigrants in Australia”, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 6(3/4): 363-384.

Jasanoff, Maya. 2004. “Collectors of Empire; Objects, conquests and imperial self-fashioning”, Past & Present 184: 109-135.

Leeuwen, Lizzy van. 2008. Ons Indisch erfgoed; Zestig jaar strijd om cultuur en identiteit. Amsterdam: Bakker.

Legêne, Susan. 2017. “The European character of the intellectual history of Dutch Empire”, BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review 132(2): 110-120.

Lipman, Caron. 2014. Co-habiting with ghosts; Knowledge, experience, belief and the domestic uncanny. Surrey/Burlington: Ashgate.

Locher-Scholten, Elsbeth. 2002. “Land van ooit, land van nu; Koloniale herinneringen in Nederland 1980-2001”, Ons Erfdeel 45: 661-671.

Mauss, Marcel. 1925. The gift; forms and function of exchange in archaic societies. Essai sur le don, forme archaïque de l’échange. London: Cohen & West.

Mehta, R. and R.W. Belk. 1991. “Artifacts, identity, and transition; Favorite possessions of Indians and Indian immigrants to the United States”, Journal of Consumer Research 17(4): 398-411.

Parkin, David. 1999. “Mementoes as transitional objects in human displacement”, Journal of Material Culture 4(3): 303-320.

Pearce, Susan. 1992. Museum, objects and collections; A cultural study. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Puri, T.K. 2017. “Indian objects, English body; Utopian yearnings in Elizabeth Gaskell’s ‘North and South’’, Journal of Victorian Culture 22(1): 1-23.

Turan, Zeynep, 2010. “Material objects as facilitating environments; The Palestinian diaspora”, Home cultures 7: 43-56.

Varkevisser, Corlien and Els van der Zee. 1963. Het Tropenmuseum en zijn publiek; Een onderzoek naar de samenstelling van het publiek en naar zijn mening, houding en gedrag ten aanzien van het museum, in opdracht van het Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen uitgevoerd onder auspiciën van de Sociografische Werkgemeenschap van de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Amsterdam.

Wang, Cangbai. 2016. “Introduction; The ‘material turn’ in migration studies”, Modern Languages Open: 1-11. [DOI: http://doi.org/10.3828/mlo.v0i0.88.]

Wimmer, Andreas and Nina Glick Schiller. 2003. “Methodological nationalism, the social sciences, and the study of migration; An essay in historical epistemology”, The International Migration Review 37(3): 576-610.

Wintle, Claire. 2008. “Career development; Domestic display as imperial, anthropological, and social trophy”, Victorian Studies 50: 279-288.

Archives

Moesson, 15-7-1988.

National Archives, The Hague. Archive M.B. van der Jagt 2.21.205.26. Collection 412.

Personal Archive Tonnet-family, Eindhoven.

Personal Archive Delprat-family, Amsterdam/Wassenaar.

University Library Leiden (KITLV-archives). Damsté Papers (correspondence of Henri Titus Damsté), DH 1084.

Archive National Museum of World Cultures, the Netherlands (archive Colonial Institute Amsterdam), inv.nr. 2214. Heritage Maurits Enschedé.

Share

COinS