•  
  •  
 

Abstract

This paper describes a Saribas Iban rite of healing called the Sugi sakit. What distinguished this rite from other forms of Saribas Iban healing was that it incorporated within its performance a long narrative epic concerned with the adventures and love affairs of an Iban culture hero named Bujang Sugi. Here I explore the language used by Iban priest bards both in telling the Sugi epic and in performing the larger ritual drama in which it was set, and look, in particular, at how the Sugi epic, which was otherwise told for entertainment, was integrated into this drama and recast by the priest bards as they performed the ritual, so that it not only entertained their listeners, but also served as a serious instrument of healing.

References

Barrett, Robert J. 2012. Psychiatric research among the Iban; Collected papers of Robert J. Barrett (Anna Chur-Hansen and George N. Appell, eds), p. 27. Phillips, ME: Borneo Research Council. [Monograph Series 13.]

Beatty, Andrew. 2010. “How did it feel for you? Emotion, narrative, and the limits of Ethnography”, American Anthropologist 112: 430-443.

Beatty, Andrew. 2014. “Anthropology and emotion”, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 20: 545-563.

Couderc, Pascal. 2013. “Kandan, a traditional oral genre of the Uut Danum of West Kalimantan”. [Paper, International Workshop on “special genres” in and around Indonesia, Institute for Language and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo, Japan, 17-19 February.]

Dobbs, E.R. 1964. “Homer”, in: G.S. Kirk (ed.), The language and background of homer; Some recent studies and controversies, pp. 1-21. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons.

Ensiring, Janang anak and Robert Menua Saleh. 2006. Jaku’ Dalam. [Iban] Kuching: The Tun Jugah Foundation.

Fox, James J. 1971. “Semantic parallelism in Rotinese ritual language”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 127: 215-255.

Fox, James J. 1974. “Our ancestors spoke in pairs; Rotinese views of language, dialect, and code“, in: R. Bauman and J. Sherzer (eds), Explorations in the ethnography of speaking, pp. 65-85. London: Cambridge University Press.

Fox, James J. 1977. “Roman Jakobson and the comparative study of parallelism”, in: C.H. van Schooneveld and D. Armstrong (eds), Roman Jakobson; Echoes of his scholarship, pp. 59-90. Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press.

Fox, James J. 1988. To speak in Pairs; Essay on the ritual languages of eastern Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fox, James J. 1995. “Austronesian societies and their transformations”, in: Peter Bellwood, James J. Fox, and Darrell Tryon (eds), The Austronesians; Historical and comparative perspectives, pp. 214-228. Camberra: Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.

Fox, James J. 2005. “Ritual languages, special registers and speech decorum in Austronesian languages”, in: K.A. Adelaar and N.P. Himmelman (eds), The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar, pp. 87-109. London: Routledge.

Fox, James J. 2008. “Installing the ‘outsider’ inside; The exploration of an epistemic Austronesian cultural theme and its social significance”, Indonesia and the Malay World. 36 (105): 201-18.

Gumperz, John J. 1964. “Linguistic and social interaction in two communities”, in: John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds), The Ethnography of Communication. Part II, pp. 137-154. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association. [American Anthropologist Series 66/6.]

Gumperz, John J. and Dell Hymes (eds). 1986. Directions in sociolinguistics; The ethnography of communication. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Hefner, Robert W. 1985. Hindu Javanese; Tengger tradition and Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Hymes, Dell. 1986. “Models of the interaction of language and social life”, in: John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds), Directions in sociolinguistics; The ethnography of communication, pp. 35-71. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Kapferer, Bruce. 1995. “From the edge of death; Sorcery and the motion of consciousness”, in: Anthony P. Cohen and Nigel Rapport (eds), Questions of consciousness, pp. 134-152. New York: Routledge.

Kuhnt-Saptodewo, Jani Sri. 1993. Zum Seelengeleit bei den Ngaju am Kahayan. München: Akademischer Verlag.

Kuhnt-Saptodewo, Jani Sri. 1999. “A bridge to the upper world; Sacred language of the Ngaju”, Borneo Research Bulletin 30: 13-27.

Lord, Albert B. 2000. The singer of tales. Second edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Malaysia. 2012. Population and housing census 2010. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics.

Matusky, Patricia. 2012. “Timang (Pengap), Pelian, and Sabak; Iban leka main singing styles”, Borneo Research Bulletin 43: 114-133.

Metcalf, Peter. 1989. Where are you/spirits; Style and theme in Berawan prayer. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Richards, Anthony. 1981. An Iban-English dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sahlins, Marshall. 1981. “The stranger king: or, Dumézil among the Fijians”, Journal of Pacific History, 16: 107-132.

Sahlins, Marshall. 2008. “The stranger-king: or, elementary forms of the politics of life”, Indonesia and the Malay World 36(105): 177-199.

Sahlins, Marshall. 2012. “Alterity and autochthony; Austronesian cosmologies of the marvelous”, HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 2(1): 131-160.

Sather, Clifford. 1992. “The rites of manggol; Work and ritual in Paku Iban agriculture”, Sarawak Museum Journal. 40: 107-134.

Sather, Clifford. 1993. “Posts, hearths and thresholds; The Iban longhouse as a ritual structure”, in: James J. Fox (ed.), Inside Austronesian houses; Perspectives on domestic designs for living, pp. 65-115. Canberra: Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.

Sather, Clifford. 1994. “Introduction”, in: Benedict Sandin, Sources of Iban traditional history, pp. 1-78. Sarawak: Sarawak Museum. [Special Monograph 7, Sarawak Museum Journal.]

Sather, Clifford. 1996. “’All threads are white’; Iban egalitarianism reconsidered”, in: James J. Fox and Clifford Sather (eds), Origins, ancestry and alliance, pp. 70-110. Canberra: Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.

Sather, Clifford. 2001. Seeds of play, words of power; An ethnographic study of Iban shamanic Chants. Kuching: Tun Jugah Foundation and the Borneo Research Council.

Sather, Clifford. 2004. “The Iban“, in: Ooi Keat Gin (ed.), Southeast Asia; A historical encyclopedia; Vol. 2, pp. 623-625. Santa Barbara: ABC Clio Press.

Sather, Clifford. 2005. “Words, poetics and the disclosure of meaning in Saribas Iban healing rituals”, Borneo Research Bulletin 36: 139-162.

Sather, Clifford. 2008. “Mystery and the mundane; Shifting perspectives in a Saribas Iban ritual narrative”, in: Clifford Sather and Timo Kaartinen (eds), Beyond the horizon; Essays on myth, history, travel and society, pp. 51- 74. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.

Sather, Clifford. 2012a. “Recalling the dead, revering the ancestors; Multiple forms of ancestorship in Saribas Iban society”, in: Pascal Couderc and Kenneth Sillander (eds), Ancestors in Borneo societies; Death, transformation, and social immortality, pp. 114-152. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

Sather, Clifford. 2012b. “Introduction”, in: Robert Barrett, Psychiatric research among the Iban; Collected papers of Robert J. Barrett (Anna Chur-Hansen and George N. Appell eds), pp. x-xxxvi. Phillips: Borneo Research Council. [Monograph Series No. 13. ]

Sather, Clifford. Forthcoming. “Ritual and romance; The role of ritual storytelling in a Saribas Iban rite of healing.“

Sather, Clifford and Jantan Umbat. 2004. “Ripih Pengawa’ Besugi sakit”. [Transcription of the Sugi sakit performed by Lemambang Renang anak Jabing, unpublished; Iban Archives Collection; Kuching: The Tun Jugah Foundation.]

Scarry, Elaine. 1985. The body in pain; The making and unmaking of the world. New York: Oxford University Press.

Schärer, Hans. 1966. Der Totenkult der Ngadju Dajak in Süd-Borneo; Mythen zum Totenkult und die Texte zum Tantolak Matei. s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff. 2 vols.

Sillander, Kenneth. 1995. “Local identity and regional variation; Notes on the lack of significance of ethnicity among the Luangan and the Bentian”, Borneo Research Bulletin 26: 69-95.

Sillander, Kenneth. 2004. “’Dayak’ and ‘Malay’ in Southeast Borneo; Some materials contesting the dichotomy”, Suomen Antropologi 24(4): 35-47.

Sillander, Kenneth. 2006. “Local integration and coastal connections in interior Kalimantan; The case of the Nalin Taun ritual among the Bentian”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 37(2): 315-334.

Tambiah, S.J. 1968. “The magical power of words”, Man (n.s.) 3: 175-208.

Wadley, Reed L. 2004. “Punitive expeditions and divine revenge; Oral and colonial histories of rebellion and pacification in Western Borneo, 1886- 1902”, Ethnohistory 51(3): 609-636.

Wadley, Reed L. and Fredrik Kuyah. 2001. “Iban communities in West Kalimantan”, in: Vinson and Joanne Sutlive (eds), The encyclopaedia of Iban studies; Vol. 2, pp. 716-734. Kuching: Tun Jugah Foundation.

Share

COinS