Effect of Arc Plasma Sintering on the Structural and Microstructural Properties of Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steels

Authors

Parikin Parikin, Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), South Tangerang 15314, IndonesiaFollow
M. Dani, Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
A. Dimyati, Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
N. D. Purnamasari, Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
B. Sugeng, Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
M. Panitra, Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
A. Insani, Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
T. H. Priyanto, Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
S. Mustofa, Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Syahbuddin Syahbuddin, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pancasila, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
A. Huang, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan

Abstract

X-ray diffraction techniques were performed to determine the actual crystal structure of A2 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) as-cast and A2 ASS after arc plasma sintering (APS) for 2 s. Computations were conducted on the basis of the Bragg arithmetic formula by comparing the S2 arithmetic with the interplanar spacing. The Bragg arithmetic formula is a simple series for the determination of the crystalline phase of materials based on the Miller indices of cubic shapes or other shapes. A2 ASS as-cast was identified to have a crystal structure of face-centered cubic with lattice parameter a = 3.58 Å. A similar crystal structure can still be detected in A2 ASS after APS for 2 s with lattice parameter a = 3.60 Å. This finding was confirmed by neutron diffraction measurements and optical–electron microscopy observations. Under the same conditions, both A2 ASS as-cast and A2 ASS after APS for 2 s have similar cast structures. The grain boundary formed in A2 ASS as-cast is thinner than that in A2 ASS after APS for 2 s, which is visible in its boundaries. Moreover, the grain structure of A2 ASS after APS for 2 s, which was originally elongated particles, became globular particles. Similarly, granular precipitates became concentrated and encompassed the steel matrix along the grain boundaries. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that particles and islands in steel are distributed in the grains and at the grain boundaries, respectively. Precipitates are composed of C, Cr, Fe, and Ni. The elemental contents of Cr and C are dominant; thus, Cr23C6 precipitate is formed at the grain boundaries.

Bahasa Abstract

Pengaruh Sintering Arc-Plasma pada Sifat Mikro dan Struktur Baja Tahan Karat Austenitik Fe-Cr-Ni. Dalam penelitian ini, teknik difraksi sinar-X dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk struktur kristal dan parameter kisi sebenarnya baja nirkarat austenitik (ASS) A2 as-cast dan A2-ASS yang disinter plasma selama 2 detik. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan dasar rumus Bragg, dengan membandingkan nilai S-aritmatika dan jarak antarplanar. Aritmatika Bragg adalah rangkaian sederhana dari penentuan kristal suatu bahan berdasarkan bentuk kubik Indeks Miller atau lainnya. ASS teridentifikasi memiliki struktur kristal face centered cubic (FCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 3,58 Å. Struktur kristal yang serupa masih ditemukan di ASS setelah arc plasma sintering (APS) selama 2 detik dengan parameter kisi a = 3,60 Å. Hasilnya dikonfirmasi dengan pengukuran difraksi neutron dan pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan Mikroskop Optik (MO) dan Elektron (SEM). Dengan asumsi kondisi yang sama saat proses pengecoran, kedua ASS A2 memiliki struktur cor yang sama, batas butir yang dibentuk dalam ASS A2 as-cast lebih tipis daripada batas butir dalam ASS A2 setelah APS selama 2 detik yang cenderung sangat terlihat sangat jelas batas-batasnya. Sementara, pola butiran dalam A2 ASS setelah APS selama 2 detik, partikel yang awalnya memanjang berubah menjadi partikel globular pada struktur butir. Demikian juga, endapan granular sangat terkonsentrasi melingkupi butiran matriks baja di sepanjang batas butir. Pengamatan SEM-EDX menunjukkan bahwa precipitat islands dan particles di kedua ASS A2 berturutan tersebar di batas butir dan di butir. Komposisi presipitat dalam A2 ASS adalah C, Cr, Fe dan Ni. Kandungan unsur Cr dan C sangat dominan sehingga presipitat Cr23C6 sudah terbentuk pada batas butir.

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Recommended Citation

Parikin, Parikin; Dani, M.; Dimyati, A.; Purnamasari, N. D.; Sugeng, B.; Panitra, M.; Insani, A.; Priyanto, T. H.; Mustofa, S.; Syahbuddin, Syahbuddin; and Huang, A. (2021) "Effect of Arc Plasma Sintering on the Structural and Microstructural Properties of Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steels," Makara Journal of Technology: Vol. 25: Iss. 2, Article 3.
DOI: 10.7454/mst.v25i2.3922
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjt/vol25/iss2/3