•  
  •  
 

ORCID ID

Hamdan Albaqawi : 0000-0001-9749-9669

Maha Sanat Alrashidi : 0000-0003-0610-9640

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived stress and moral resilience among nurses.

Methods: The researcher used a quantitative–comparative correlational study design that utilized a self-administered questionnaire with 393 nurse participants in the Hail Region, Saudi Arabia. Adapted questionnaires were distributed through Google Form survey. Data collection was conducted between October and November 2021.

Results: The nurses were moderately stressed (21.69/30) but morally resilient (2.74/4). Perceived stress scale (p < 0.033) and moral resilience (p < 0.25) were found to be significantly associated with gender. The designated ward and age were not significantly associated with perceived stress and moral resilience. Conversely, the years of experience showed a significant association with perceived stress (p < 0.038) but not with moral resilience (p > 0.255). Finally, no relationship was observed between perceived stress and moral resilience (p > 0.248).

Conclusions: The nurses were perceived to be moderately stressed but morally resilient. Gender was found to have a significant association with perceived stress and moral resilience but not with designated ward and age. Conversely, the years of experience had a significant association with perceived stress but not with moral resilience. Meanwhile, perceived stress had no significant relationship with moral resilience. Therefore, being morally robust allows nurses to respond to challenging, frequently intractable ethical issues that arise in clinical practice and during pandemics, regardless of the underlying stress at work.

References

  1. Lachman VD. Moral resilience: Managing and preventing moral distress and moral residue. Medsurg Nurs. 2016;25:121–4.
  2. Rushton CH. Moral resilience: A capacity for navigating moral distress in critical care. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2016;27:111–9.
  3. Rushton CH. Cultivating moral resilience. Am J Nurs. 2017;117:S11–5.
  4. Magner C, Greenberg N, Timmins F, O'Doherty V, Lyons B. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers 'From Heartbreak to Hope'. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30:e53–5.
  5. Altman M. Facing moral distress during the COVID-19 crisis. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Coronavirus: Aliso Viejo, 2020.
  6. AlAteeq DA, Aljhani S, Althiyabi I, Majzoub S. Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13:1432–7.
  7. Pasay-An E, Alshammari F, Mostoles R Jr, Gattud V, Cajigal J, Buta J. Estudio cualitativo sobre las experiencias de las enfermeras en cuanto a estigma social en el contexto de la COVID-19 [A qualitative study on nurses' experiences with social stigma in the context of COVID-19]. Enferm Clin. 2022;32:75–82.
  8. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55:137–44.
  9. Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq IA. Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and coping strategies during a MERS-CoV outbreak. Clin Med Res. 2016;14:7–14.
  10. Matsuishi K, Kawazoe A, Imai H, Ito A, Mouri K, Kitamura N, et al. Psychological impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on general hospital workers in Kobe. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012;66:353–60.
  11. Dai Y, Hu G, Xiong H, Qiu H, Yuan, X. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China [Preprint]. MedRxiv; 2020.
  12. Yu F, Cavadino A, Mackay L, Ward K, King A, Smith M. Physical activity and personal factors associated with nurse resilience in intensive care units. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29:3246–62.
  13. Goethals S, Gastmans C, de Casterlé BD. Nurses' ethical reasoning and behaviour: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010;47:635–50.
  14. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:385–96.
  15. Heinze KE, Hanson G, Holtz H, Swoboda SM, Rushton CH. Measuring health care interprofessionals' moral resilience: Validation of the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale. J Palliat Med. 2021;24:865–72.
  16. Braquehais MD, Vargas-Cáceres S, Gómez-Durán E, Nieva G, Valero S, Casas M, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals. QJM. 2020:hcaa207.
  17. Pasay-An E. Exploring the vulnerability of frontline nurses to COVID-19 and its impact on perceived stress. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;15:404–9.
  18. Alhawatmeh H, Alsholol R, Aldelky H, Al-Ali N, Albataineh R. Mediating role of resilience on the relationship between stress and quality of life among Jordanian registered nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon. 2021;7:e08378.
  19. Hart PL, Brannan JD, De Chesnay M. Resilience in nurses: An integrative review. J Nurs Manag. 2014;22:720–34.
  20. Ptacek, JT, Smith RE, Zanas J. Gender, appraisal, and coping: A longitudinal analysis. J Personal. 1992;60:747–70.
  21. Puspitasari ST, Arifin S, Anggaunitakiranantika, Tantiani FF, Wardhana LW. The differences in stress levels of male and female nurses at hospitals. KnE Soc Sci, 2020;4:417–22.
  22. Tee ML, Tee CA, Anlacan JP, Aligam KJG, Reyes PWC, Kuruchittham V, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:379–91.
  23. Nolen-Hoeksema S. Emotion regulation and psychopathology: The role of gender. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2012;8:161–87.
  24. Afshari D, Nourollahi-Darabad M, Chinisaz N. Demographic predictors of resilience among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work. 2021;68:297–303.
  25. Liu Q, Luo D, Haase JE, Guo Q, Wang XQ, Liu S, et al. The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e790–8.
  26. Villar RC, Nashwan AJ, Mathew RG, Mohamed AS, Munirathinam S, Abujaber AA, et al. The lived experiences of frontline nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Qatar: A qualitative study. Nurs Open. 2021;8:3516–26.
  27. Zhang Y, Ma ZF. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:2381.
  28. Pourafzal F, Seyedfatemi N, Inanloo M, Haghani H. Relationship between perceived stress with resilience among undergraduate nursing students. J Hayat. 2013;19:41–52.
  29. García-León MÁ, Pérez-Mármol JM, Gonzalez-Pérez R, García-Ríos MDC, Peralta-Ramírez MI. Relationship between resilience and stress: Perceived stress, stressful life events, HPA axis response during a stressful task and hair cortisol. Physiol Behav. 2019;202:87–93.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.