Alveolar Bone Loss Analysis on Dental Digital Radiography Image

Authors

Aulia Karina Fitriananda, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaFollow
Bramma Kiswanjaya, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaFollow
Hanna H. Bachtiar-Iskandar, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is the second most common tooth and mouth disease in Indonesia. Moreover, radiographic examination is the most useful tool to evaluate alveolar bone loss and diagnose periodontal diseases. This study aimed to analyze radiographically the relationship between alveolar bone loss and age among patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 192 digital periapical images of patients aged 25–40 years were collected. Four regions were selected, including the maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary and mandibular first molars. Alveolar bone loss was measured in the mesial and distal surfaces.

Results: The mean and standard deviation for alveolar bone loss in age categories 1 (age 25–32 years) and 2 (age 33–40 years) were 4.03 ± 1.46 and 5.23 ± 2.5 (mm), respectively. Alveolar bone loss demonstrated a significant relationship with patient’s age (p < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U test).

Conclusions: The mean and standard deviation of alveolar bone loss reduction in patients with chronic periodontitis was 4.87 ± 0.2 (mm). The alveolar bone loss on the mandibular central incisors’ mesial surface is the highest among other regions.

References

1. Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci. 2017;11:72–80.
2. Preshaw PM. Detection and diagnosis of periodontal conditions amenable to prevention. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:S1–5.
3. Tefera A, Bekele B. Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a tertiary hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2020;12:485–92.
4. Madiba TK, Bhayat A. Periodontal disease–risk factors and treatment options. S Afr Dent J. 2018;73:571–5.
5. Saberi BV, Nemati S, Malekzadeh M, Javanmard A. Assessment of digital panoramic radiography’s diagnostic value in angular bony lesions with 5 mm or deeper pocket depth in mandibular molars. Dent Res J. 2017;14:32–6.
6. Papanou PN, Sanz M, buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45:S162–70.
7. Sanz M, D’Aiuto F, Deanfield J, Fernandez-Avilés F. European workshop in periodontal health and cardiovascular disease-scientific evidence on the association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases: A review of the literature. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2010;12:B3–12.
8. Kiswanjaya B, Yustiania F, Syahraini SI. Age and sex of patients undergoing dental radiologic examinations. J Int Dent Med Res. 2020;13:1499–1503.
9. Zaki H, Hoffmann KR, Hausmann E, Scannapieco FA. Is radiologic assessment of alveolar crest height useful to monitor periodontal disease activity? Dent Clin North Am. 2015;59:859–72.
10. Coli P, Sennerby L. Is peri-implant probing causing over-diagnosis and over-treatment of dental implants? J Clin Med. 2019;8:1–13.
11. Garcia-Garcia M, Mir-Mari J, Benic GI, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-castellon E. Accuracy of periapical radiography in assessing bone level in implants affected by peri-implanitis: Cross-sectional study. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;43:85–91.
12. Kjaer I. Can the reduced level of alveolar bone in the initial stages of juvenile periodontitis anterior to the first molar be explained as arrest in alveolar bone growth? Dent Hypotheses. 2013;4:44–9.
13. Amado PPP, Kawamoto D, Albuquerque-Souza E, Franco DC, Sraiva L, Casarinet RCV, et al. Oral and fecal microbiome in molar-incisor pattern periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:583761.
14. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89:S159–72.
15. Kim H-Y. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Evaluation of measurement error 2: Dahlberg’s error, Bland-Altman method, and Kappa coefficient. Restor Dent Endod. 2013;38:182–5.
16. Nandiasa SR, Kiswanjaya B, Yuniastuti M. Analysis of tooth measurement method accuracy in digital periapical radiograph for personal identification. J Int Dent Med Res. 2017;10:9–13.
17. Persson GR. Periodontal complications with age. Periodontol 2000. 2018;78:185–94.
18. Sianipar NMC, Sunarto H, Masulili SLC, Kiswanjaya B. Dental radiograph evaluation of the alveolar bone in postmenopausal women. J Int Dent Med Res. 2017;10:644–7.
19. Botelho J, Machado V, Proença L, Alves R, Cavacas MA, Amaro L, et al. Study of Periodontal Health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS): A cross-sectional study in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Sci Rep. 2019;9:15538.
20. Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. Sci World J. 2020;2020:2146160.
21. Lorenz SM, Alvarez R, Andrade E, Piccardo V, Francia A, Massa F, et al. Periodontal conditions and associated factors among adults and the elderly: Findings from the first National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay. Cad Saude Publica. 2015;31:2425–36.
22. Fukuda CT, Carneiro SRS, Alves VTE, Pustiglioni FE, De Micheli G. Radiographic alveolar bone loss in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2008;49:99–106.
23. Zhang X, Li Y, Ge Z, Zhao H, Miao L, Pan Y. The dimension and morphology of alveolar bone at maxillary anterior teeth in periodontitis: A retrospective analysis–using CBCT. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:4.
24. Toledo BEC, Barroso Em, Martins AT, Zuza EP. Prevalence of periodontal bone loss in Brazilian adolescents through interproximal radiography. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:357056.
25. Stokland BL. On tooth movements and associated tissue alterations related to edentulous areas and bone defects. Swed Dent J Suppl. 2011;214:7–84.
26. Marcaccini AM, Pavanelo A, Nogueira AVB, de Souza JAC, Porciuncula HF, Cirelli JA. Morphometric study of the root anatomy in furcation area of mandibular first molars. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20:76–81.
27. Desai SR, Shinde HH. Correlation of interdental and interradicular bone loss in patients with chronic periodontitis: A clinical and radiographic study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2012;15:125–31.
28. Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Genco RJ. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res. 2012;91:914–20.
29. Susanto H, Nesse W, Dijkstra PU, Agustina D, Vissink A, Abbas F. Periodontitis prevalence and severity in Indonesians with type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol. 2011;82:550–7.
30. Vandenberghe B, Jacobs R, Bosmans H. Modern dental imaging: A review of the current technology and clinical applications in dental practice. Eur Radiol. 2010;20:2637–55.

Recommended Citation

Fitriananda AK, Kiswanjaya B, Bachtiar-Iskandar HH. Alveolar Bone Loss Analysis on Dental Digital Radiography Image. Makara J Health Res. 2021;25.