"Pengaruh Loneliness Di Tempat Kerja Serta Peran Perceived Organization" by Nurisqia Caesar Pramadhani
  •  
  •  
 

Abstract

This study explores the impact of workplace loneliness on the psychological well-being of Generation Z and Millennial employees in the Greater Jakarta area, considering the role of perceived organisational support and resilience as moderating variables. Using a cross-sectional survey approach with 334 respondents, this study found that loneliness at work negatively affects psychological well-being. In contrast, POS and resilience have a significant positive influence. Resilience was also shown to moderate the relationship between workplace loneliness and psychological well-being, strengthening individuals' ability to deal with loneliness constructively. These results emphasise the importance of developing organisational policies that support employees' social connectedness and resilience to improve psychological well-being and productivity.

References

Aggarwal, R., & Ranganathan, P. (2019). Study designs: Part 2 – Descriptive studies.

Perspectives in Clinical Research, 10(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_154_18 Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294

Ayazlar, G., & Güzel, B. (2014). The effect of loneliness in the workplace on organizational commitment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.124

Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1964.tb00583.x

Brower, T. (2024, March 21). How workplace loneliness can impact your Job (And Life). Forbes.

Burger, J. M. (1995). Individual differences in preference for solitude. Journal of Research in Personality, 29(1), 85–108. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1995.1005

Caesens, G., Stinglhamber, F., & Ohana, M. (2016). Perceived organizational support and well-being: a weekly study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(7), 1214–1230. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-01-2016-0002

Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2002). Personality, peer relations, and self-confidence as predictors of happiness and loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 25(3), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2002.0475

Clippinger, D. (2017). Business research reporting. Business Expert Press.

Cohen-Charash, Y., & Mueller, J. S. (2007). Does perceived unfairness exacerbate or mitigate interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors related to envy? Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 666–680. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.666

Dhir, S., Mohapatra, M., & Srivastava, S. (2023). The effect of workplace loneliness on employee wellbeing: Role of organizational support and resilience. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509231174738

Dhir, S., & Shukla, A. (2019). Role of organizational image in employee engagement and performance. Benchmarking an International Journal, 26(3), 971–989. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2018-0094

Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of Well-Being. In Social indicators research series (pp. 247–266). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12

Earvolino-Ramirez, M. (2007). Resilience: a concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 42(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2007.00070.x

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500

Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565

Elangovan, A., Pinder, C. C., & McLean, M. (2010). Callings and organizational behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.10.009

Eldeleklioğlu, J. (2008). Gender, romantic relationships, internet use, perceived social support and social skills as the predictors of loneliness. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 33, 127–140.

Grafton, E., Gillespie, B., & Henderson, S. (2010). Resilience: the power within. Oncology Nursing Forum, 37(6), 698–705. https://doi.org/10.1188/10.onf.698-705

Grant, A. M., & Berry, J. W. (2011). The Necessity of Others is The Mother of Invention: Intrinsic and Prosocial Motivations, Perspective Taking, and Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 54(1), 73–96. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.59215085

Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experience, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/256352

Katz, L. (2020), “How technology and social media are making us feel lonelier than ever”, available https://www.cnet.com/features/how-tech-and-social-media-are-making-us-feel-lonelier-th anever/.

Killian, K. (2024, March 22). Technology use comes with pros and cons. Here’s a tip for feeling less lonely. Psychology Today.

Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2015). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554

Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001

Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.227

Mayer, J. D., Roberts, R. D., & Barsade, S. G. (2008). Human abilities: emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 507–536. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093646

Mayordomo, T., Viguer, P., Sales, A., Satorres, E., & Meléndez, J. C. (2016). Resilience and coping as Predictors of Well-Being in adults. The Journal of Psychology, 150(7), 809–821. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2016.1203276

McLarnon, M. J. W., & Rothstein, M. G. (2013). Development and initial validation of the workplace resilience inventory. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12(2), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000084

, M., Madan, P., & Srivastava, S. (2020). Loneliness at work: Its consequences and role of moderators. Global Business Review, 24(3), 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919892714

Mushtaq, R., Shoib, S., Shah, T., & Mushtaq, S. (2014). Relationship between loneliness, Psychiatric Disorders and Physical health ? A review on the psychological aspects of loneliness. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2014/10077.4828

Öge, E., Çetin, M., & Top, S. (2017). The effects of paternalistic leadership on workplace loneliness, work family conflict and work engagement among air traffic controllers in Turkey. Journal of Air Transport Management, 66, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.10.003

Ozcelik, H., & Barsade, S. G. (2018). No employee an island: workplace loneliness and job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2343–2366. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.1066

Peng, J., Chen, Y., Xia, Y., & Ran, Y. (2016). Workplace loneliness, leader-member exchange and creativity: The cross-level moderating role of leader compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.020

Pfeffer, J., & Veiga, J. F. (1999). Putting people first for organizational success. Academy of Management Perspectives, 13(2), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1999.1899547

Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on Loneliness in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2304_2

Pressman, S. D., Cohen, S., Miller, G. E., Barkin, A., Rabin, B. S., & Treanor, J. J. (2005). Loneliness, social network size, and immune response to influenza vaccination in college freshmen. Health Psychology, 24(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.297

Rothstein, M. G., McLarnon, M. J. W., & King, G. (2016). The role of Self-Regulation in Workplace Resiliency. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 416–421. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.32

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2006). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (1993). Research methods for business: A skill building approach.

Long Range Planning, 26(2), 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(93)90168-f Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment.

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972

Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483–504. https://doi.org/10.2307/256789

Sundaray, B. K. (2011). Employee engagement: a driver of organizational effectiveness. European journal of business and management, 3(8), 53-59.

Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320

Tymon, W. G., Stumpf, S. A., & Smith, R. R. (2011). Manager support predicts turnover of professionals in India. Career Development International, 16(3), 293–312. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111140174

Walters, G. A., & Raybould, M. (2007). Burnout and perceived organisational support among Front-Line hospitality employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 14(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.14.2.144

Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: Strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1S), S65-S71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012

Weiss, R. S. (1974). Loneliness: the experience of emotional and social isolation. http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-22306-000

Wright, S. L., Burt, C. D. B., & Strongman, K. T. (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: Construct definition and scale Development. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 59.

Wright, S., & Silard, A. (2020). Unraveling the antecedents of loneliness in the workplace. Human Relations, 74(7), 1060–1081. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726720906013

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak kesepian di tempat kerja (workplace loneliness) terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis (psychological well-being) karyawan Generasi Z dan Milenial di wilayah Jabodetabek, dengan mempertimbangkan peran dukungan organisasi yang dirasakan (Perceived Organizational Support) dan resiliensi sebagai variabel moderasi. Menggunakan pendekatan survei cross-sectional dengan 334 responden, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kesepian di tempat kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis. Sebaliknya, POS dan resiliensi memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan. Resiliensi juga terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara kesepian di tempat kerja dan kesejahteraan psikologis, memperkuat kemampuan individu untuk menghadapi kesepian secara konstruktif. Hasil ini menekankan pentingnya pengembangan kebijakan organisasi yang mendukung keterhubungan sosial dan resiliensi karyawan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis dan produktivitas.

Share

COinS