Single-step Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Arabica Spent Coffee Ground using K2CO3 as Activator Agent

Authors

Ghina Ivana Mieldan, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, IndonesiaFollow
Yuliusman Yuliusman, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Activated carbon is a nanomaterial that is often used as an effective adsorbent. Activated carbon raw materials can use biomass, such as coffee grounds, which can be found along with the growth of public interest in coffee drinks. Chemical activators are used for activation to increase biomass carbon's adsorption capacity. Using K₂CO₃ activator to increase the specific surface area of activated carbon is more harmless than KOH. The use of spent coffee grounds as carbon source and food additive K₂CO₃ as an activator can make food-grade activated carbon that can be used for food. This study aimed to synthesize activated carbon in one-step synthesis by utilizing coffee grounds biomass waste by varying the mass ratio between biomass waste and K₂CO₃. The activated carbon was characterized using SEM- EDX and iodine numbers. Activated carbon was prepared with spent coffee ground and K₂CO₃ with the mass ratio of 1:1 gained the largest surface area of 1052 m².g^-1 despite having the lowest yield of 18%.

References

Amran, F & Zaini, M A A 2020, ‘Effects of chemical activating agents on physical properties of activated carbons – A commentary,’ Water Practice and Technology, 15(4), pp.854–876.

Arya, S S, Venkatram, R, More, P R & Vijayan, P 2022, ‘The wastes of coffee bean processing for utilization in food: a review,’ Journal of Food Science and Technology, 59, pp.429–444.

Bumajdad, A, Khan, M J H & Lukaszewicz, J P 2023, ‘Nitrogen-enriched activated carbon derived from plant biomasses: a review on reaction mechanism and applications in wastewater treatment,’ Frontiers in Materials, 10, p.1218028.

Harimisa, G E, Jusoh, N W C, Tan, L S, Shameli, K, Ghafar, N A & Masudi, A 2022, ‘Synthesis of potassium hydroxide-treated activated carbon via one-step activation method,’ Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2259(1), p.012009.

Jagdale, P, Ziegler, D, Rovere, M, Tulliani, J M & Tagliaferro, A 2019, ’ Waste coffee ground biochar: A material for humidity sensors,’ Sensors, 19(4), p.801.

Karmee, S K 2018, ‘A spent coffee grounds based biorefinery for the production of biofuels, biopolymers, antioxidants and biocomposites’, Waste Management, 72, pp. 240–254.

Khuong, D A, Trinh, K T, Nakaoka, Y, Tsubota, T, Tashima, D, Nguyen, H N & Tanaka, D 2022, ‘The investigation of activated carbon by K₂CO₃ activation: micropores-and macropores- dominated structure,’ Chemosphere, 299, p.134365.

Kim, J H, Lee, G, Park, J E & Kim, S H 2021, ‘Limitation of k2co3 as a chemical agent for upgrading activated carbon’, Processes, 9(6), p.1000.

Kim, M J, Choi, S W, Kim, H, Mun, S & Lee, K B (2020) ‘Simple synthesis of spent coffee ground-based microporous carbons using K₂CO₃ as an activation agent and their application to CO₂ capture,’ Chemical Engineering Journal, 397, p. 125404.

Li, F, Yuasa, A, Ebie, K, Azuma, Y, Hagishita, T & Matsui, Y 2002, ‘Factors affecting the adsorption capacity of dissolved organic matter onto activated carbon: Modified isotherm analysis,’ Water Research, 36(18), pp.4592–4604.

Mianowski, A, Owczarek, M & Marecka, A 2007, ‘Surface area of activated carbon determined by the iodine adsorption number,’ Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 29(9), pp.839–850.

Mopoung, S, Moonsri, P, Palas, W & Khumpai, S 2015, ‘Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution,’ Scientific World Journal, 2015(1), p.415961.

Reza, M S, Yun, C S, Afroze, S, Radenahmad, N, Bakar, M S A, Saidur, R, Taweekun, J & Azad, A K 2020, ‘Preparation of activated carbon from biomass and its’ applications in water and gas purification, a review,’ Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 27(1), pp.208–238.

Singh, G, Kim, I Y, Lakhi, K S, Srivastava, P, Naidu, R & Vinu, A 2017, ‘Single step synthesis of activated bio-carbons with a high surface area and their excellent CO₂ adsorption capacity,’ Carbon, 116, pp.448–455.

Wu, W, Wu, C, Zhang, G, Liu, J, Li, Y & Li, G 2023, ‘Synthesis and characterization of magnetic K₂CO₃-activated carbon produced from bamboo shoot for the adsorption of Rhodamine b and CO₂ capture,’ Fuel, 332, p.126107.

Recommended Citation

Mieldan, Ghina Ivana and Yuliusman, Yuliusman (2024) "Single-step Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Arabica Spent Coffee Ground using K2CO3 as Activator Agent," Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings: Vol. 3: Iss. 3, Article 3.
DOI: 10.7454/jmef.v3i3.1065
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jmef/vol3/iss3/3