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Abstract

Indonesia’s economic challenges are characterized by stagnant economic growth and regional development disparities. This study analyzes the achievement and convergence of infrastructure development across provinces in Indonesia during 2011–2021 through the construction of an Infrastructure Development Index (IPI). The study employs panel data from 33 provinces, using factor analysis to construct the IPI and the First Difference Generalized Method of Moments (FD-GMM) to examine convergence and its determinants. The results show that many provinces still have IDI scores below the national average. Furthermore, the FD-GMM model shows that σ-convergence and β-convergence occur in Indonesia. In addition, GRDP per capita, inflation, and credit positively affect infrastructure development, while capital depreciation has a negative effect.

Bahasa Abstract

Tantangan perekonomian Indonesia ditandai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stagnan dan ketimpangan pembangunan antarwilayah. Penelitian ini menganalisis capaian dan konvergensi pembangunan infrastruktur antarprovinsi di Indonesia pada periode 2011–2021 melalui pembentukan Indeks Pembangunan Infrastruktur (IPI). Penelitian menggunakan data panel 33 provinsi dengan analisis faktor untuk membentuk IPI dan metode First Difference Generalized Method of Moments (FD-GMM) untuk menguji konvergensi serta faktor yang memengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masih banyak provinsi yang memiliki IPI di bawah rata-rata nasional, tetapi terjadi konvergensi beta absolut dan kondisional. Selain itu, PDRB per kapita, inflasi, dan kredit berpengaruh positif, sedangkan penyusutan barang modal berpengaruh negatif terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur.

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