•  
  •  
 

Abstract

This study observes that previous research on the relationship between democracy and economic growth has produced ambiguous outcomes. The aim of this paper is to estimate the relationship between democracy and regional economic growth in Indonesia. Using a fixed effects model with 374 provincial-level observations, the results indicate a statistically significant and positive relationship between democracy and regional economic growth in Indonesia.

Bahasa Abstract

Studi ini mengamati bahwa hubungan antara demokrasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi masih menunjukkan hasil yang ambigu dalam berbagai studi terdahulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi hubungan antara tingkat demokrasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di tingkat daerah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan model fixed effect dengan 374 observasi pada level provinsi. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara demokrasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di Indonesia bersifat positif dan signifikan.

References

[1] Abeberese, A. B., Barnwal, P., Chaurey, R., & Mukherjee, P. (2023). Democracy and firm productivity: Evidence from Indonesia. Review of Economics and Statistics, 105(3), 713-722. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01077.

[2] Acemoglu, D. (2009). The Solow growth model. In: Introduction to modern economic growth (pp. 26-76), Princenton University Press.

[3] Acemoglu, D., Naidu, S., Restrepo, P., & Robinson, J. A. (2019). Democracy does cause growth. Journal of Political Economy, 127(1), 47-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/700936.

[4] Ali, G. (2015). Gross fixed capital formation & economic growth of Pakistan. IMPACT: Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 1(2), 21-30.

[5] Ali, S., Khan, M. I., & Naqvi, K. A. (2022). Economic and social determinants of democracy: An empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 441-450. doi: https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2326.

[6] Baklouti, N., & Boujelbene, Y. (2020). An econometric study of the role of the political stability on the relationship between democracy and economic growth. Panoeconomicus, 67(2), 187-206. doi: https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN170308015B.

[7] BBC News Indonesia. (2014, 16 Juli). Kilas balik kasus Bank Century. Diakses 10 September 2023 dari https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2014/ 07/140716_bankcentury_101.

[8] Beck, T., & Levine, R. (2004). Stock markets, banks, and growth: Panel evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 28(3), 423-442. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00408- 9.

[9] Bhattacharyya, S., & Hodler, R. (2014). Do natural resource revenues hinder financial development? The role of political institutions. World Development, 57, 101-113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.12.003.

[10] Boyko, A. A., Kukartsev, V. V., Tynchenko, V. S., Korpacheva, L. N., Dzhioeva, N. N., Rozhkova, A. V., & Aponasenko, S. V. (2020). Using linear regression with the least squares method to determine the parameters of the Solow model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1582(1), p. 012016. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1582/1/012016.

[11] Bozkurt, E., Altıner, A., & Tokta¸s, Y. (2018). Democracy and economic growth: Evidence from emerging market economies. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 13(14), 15-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.13477, 15-32.

[12] BPS. (2021a). Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia (IDI) menurut aspek dan provinsi, 2009-2020. Badan Pusat Statistik. Diakses 16 September 2023 dari https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NTk5IzI=/indeks-demokrasi-indonesia--idi--menurut-aspek-danprovinsi.html.

[13] BPS. (2021b). [SERI 2010] 1. PDRB atas dasar harga berlaku menurut pengeluaran (milyar rupiah), 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik. Diakses 10 September 2023 dari https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NTM0IzI=/-seri-2010--1--pdrb-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurutpengeluaran--milyar-rupiah-.html.

[14] BPS Provinsi Papua. (2020). Laporan perekonomian daerah Provinsi Papua. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua. Diakses 16 September 2023 dari https://papua.bps.go.id/ id/publication/2020/12/07/947a9746078769aaa6377cbb/laporan-perekonomian-daerah-provinsi-papua-2020. html.

[15] BPS Provinsi Riau. (2021). Profil demokrasi Indonesia di Provinsi Riau 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Riau. Diakses 10 September 2023 dari https://riau.bps.go.id/ id/publication/2021/09/30/d0cd5f68297258f639dda477/ profil-demokrasi-indonesia-di-provinsi-riau-2020.html.

[16] Brock, W. A., & Taylor, M. S. (2010). The green Solow model. Journal of Economic Growth, 15(2), 127-153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-010-9051-0.

[17] Colagrossi, M., Rossignoli, D., & Maggioni, M. A. (2020). Does democracy cause growth?Ameta-analysis (of 2000 regressions). European Journal of Political Economy, 61, 101824. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.101824.

[18] Economist Intelligence. (2023). Democracy index 2022: Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine. Diakses 10 September 2023 dari https://www.eiu.com/n/wp-content/uploads/ 2023/02/Democracy-Index-2022_FV2.pdf.

[19] Esthiningrum, F. R. (2017). Pengaruh demokrasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia (Skripsi, Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta).

[20] Ghardallou, W., & Sridi, D. (2020). Democracy and economic growth:Aliterature review. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 11(3), 982-1002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-019-00594-4.

[21] Ghardallou, W. (2022). Financial system development and democracy:Apanel smooth transition regression approach for developing countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2), 1714-1735. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00988-x.

[22] Greene,W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis (7th (International) edition). Pearson.

[23] Gründler, K., & Krieger, T. (2015). Democracy and growth: Evidence from SVMDI indices. Discussion Paper, 131. Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Chair of Economic Order and Social Policy. Diakses 12 Oktober 2023 dari https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/110277/1/ 824720644.pdf.

[24] Helliwell, J. F. (1994). Empirical linkages between democracy and economic growth. British Journal of Political Science, 24(2), 225-248. doi: 10.1017/S0007123400009790.

[25] Ibrahim, I. (2017). Menakar kedalaman pengukuran demokrasi model Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia (IDI): Beberapa catatan substantif dari Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, 30(2), 133-149. doi: https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V30I22017.133-149.

[26] JawaPos.com. (2019, 25 Desember). Kaledioskop 2019: Demo tolak revisi UU KPK timbulkan korban jiwa. Diakses 12 Oktober 2023 dari https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/01248753/ kaleidoskop-2019-demo-tolakrevisi-uu-kpk-timbulkankorban-jiwa.

[27] KPU Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. (2019). Laporan penelitian: Keterwakilan perempuan. Komisi Pemilihan Umum Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Diakses 12 Oktober 2023 dari https://journal.kpu.go.id/index.php/ERE/issue/view/36.

[28] Kropko, J., & Kubinec, R. (2020). Interpretation and identification of within-unit and cross-sectional variation in panel data models. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231349. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231349.

[29] Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. American Political Science Review, 53(1), 69-105. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1951731.

[30] Munguía, R., Davalos, J., & Urzua, S. (2019). Estimation of the Solow-Cobb-Douglas economic growth model with a Kalman filter: An observabilitybased approach. Heliyon, 5(6), e01959. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01959.

[31] Nairobi, N., Santi, N. R., & Afif, F. Y. (2021). The impact of the quality of democracy on the economic growth of provinces in Indonesia. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 1(2), 121-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v1i2.626.

[32] Nzepang, F., & Nguenda Anya, S. B. (2024). What is the interaction between separation of democratic powers and structural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa?. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 7702-7722. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01144-9.

[33] Opoku, E. E. O., & Acheampong, A. O. (2023). Energy justice and economic growth: Does democracy matter?. Journal of Policy Modeling, 45(1), 160-186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2023.01.005.

[34] Papaioannou, E., & Siourounis, G. (2008). Democratisation and growth. The Economic Journal, 118(532), 1520-1551. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02189.x.

[35] Pavliuc, B. C., & Buga, A. (2022). Democracy and economic growth: The case of Moldova. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 71-87. doi: https://doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2022.5(3).06.

[36] Pengadilan Tinggi Makassar. (2019). Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LKJiP) 2018. Diakses 12 Oktober 2023 dari https://pt-makassar.go.id/img/sakip/lkjip/2018.pdf.

[37] Purwanto, A. (2020). Pengaruh demokrasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia (Skripsi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta).

[38] Ramanayake R. A., Kasun D. (2019). Critical introduction of Solow growth theory. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 7(1), 43-56.

[39] Rock, M. T. (2018). Indonesia’s centripetal democracy and economic growth. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 23(1), 156-172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2017.1387371.

[40] Romer, D. (2019). Advanced macroeconomics (5th edition). McGraw-Hill Education.

[41] Samuel, A. (2022). Pengaruh demokrasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi: Positif, negatif atau nonlinier? (Skripsi, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Diponegoro).

[42] Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513.

[43] Tambunan, N. R., & Hastiadi, F. F. (2020). Apakah demokrasi mengancam perdagangan? Analisis di negara berpendapatan menengah dan berpendapatan tinggi di Asia (Tesis, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia).

[44] Tavares, J., & Wacziarg, R. (2001). How democracy affects growth. European Economic Review, 45(8), 1341-1378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00093-3.

[45] Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2020). Economic development (13th edition). Pearson Education Ltd.

[46] V-Dem. (2023). Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem). Diakses 12 Oktober 2023 dari https://www.v-dem.net/.

[47] Williams, K. (2017). Does democracy dampen the effect of finance on economic growth?. Empirical Economics, 52(2), 635-658. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1089-1.

[48] Younis, M., Lin, X. X., Sharahili, Y., & Selvarathinam, S. (2008). Political stability and economic growth in Asia. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(3), 203-208. doi: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2008.203.208.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.