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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of GDP per capita and energy consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and test the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Indonesia. This study uses two methods, namely Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) with bound testing approach. The results showed that GDP per capita had a positive effect on greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy consumption negatively affects greenhouse gas emissions, while non-renewable energy consumption negatively affects total greenhouse gas emissions, but positively influences CO2 emissions. In the long run, the EKC hypothesis applies in Indonesia.

Bahasa Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh PDB per kapita dan konsumsi energi terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca, serta menguji hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, yaitu Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) dan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dengan pendekatan bound testing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDB per kapita memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca. Konsumsi energi terbarukan memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca, sedangkan konsumsi energi tak terbarukan memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca total, tetapi berpengaruh positif terhadap emisi CO2. Dalam jangka panjang, hipotesis EKC berlaku di Indonesia.

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