Peluang Wanita Bekerja Keluar dari Pasar Tenaga Kerja Setelah Menikah

Authors

Isra Yeni, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Joan Marta, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Doni Satria, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Melti Roza Adry, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Dewi Zaini Putri, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Yollit Permata Sari, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Urmatul Uska Akbar, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow
Hari Setia Putra, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri PadangFollow

Abstract

Working after marriage is a dilemma for most women in Indonesia. This study estimates the probability of a working woman to exit the labor market after marriage. Using the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data from the 2007 and 2014 waves, this study estimates a logit model on the probability of a working woman to exit the labor force. This study found that working in the formal sector is the most significant variable to encourage a working woman to leave the labor force. The policy recommendation of this study is reducing the opportunity costs of working for women in the formal sector

Bahasa Abstract

Bekerja setelah menikah masih menjadi dilema di kalangan wanita Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengestimasi peluang wanita bekerja keluar dari pasar tenaga kerja setelah menikah. Data yang digunakan adalah Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2007 dan 2014. Dengan menggunakan logit model, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa bekerja pada sektor formal merupakan variabel yang paling signifikan untuk mendorong wanita bekerja keluar dari pasar tenaga kerja setelah menikah. Rekomendasi kebijakan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah mengurangi opportunity cost bagi wanita yang bekerja di sektor formal.

References

1. Afridi, F., Dinkelman, T., & Mahajan, K. (2018). Why are fewer married women joining the work force in rural India? A decomposition analysis over two decades. Journal of Population Economics, 31(3), 783–818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-017-0671-y.
2. Ahmad, M., & Khan, A. (2018). Quality of life among married working women and housewives. Singaporean Journal of Social Science, 13-18.
3. Anqi, X. (1989). What about married women who quit working and return home?. Chinese Education, 22(2), 50-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.2753/CED1061-1932220250.
4. Becker, G. S. (1981). A treatise on the family. Harvard University Press.
5. Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493-517. doi: https: //doi.org/10.2307/2228949.
6. Bjuggren, C. M., & Henrekson, M. (2018). Avoiding the housewife stigma: Self-employment as a female career choice. IFN Working Paper, 1200. Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN). Diakses 25 Januari 2020 dari econstor.eu/handle/10419/183429.
7. de Jong, E., Smits, J., & Longwe, A. (2017). Estimating the causal effect of fertility on women’s employment in Africa using twins. World Development, 90, 360-368. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.012.
8. Desai, S., & Waite, L. J. (1991).Women’s employment during pregnancy and after the first birth: Occupational characteristics and work commitment. American Sociological Review, 56(4), 551-566. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2096274.
9. Dhanaraj, S., & Mahambare, V. (2019). Family structure, education and women’s employment in rural India. World Development, 115, 17-29. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.004.
10. Dogan, B., & Akyüz, M. (2017). Female labor force participation rate and economic growth in the framework of Kuznets Curve: Evidence from Turkey. Review of Economic and Business Studies, 10(1), 33-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/rebs- 2017-0047.
11. Granrose, C. S., & Kaplan, E. (1994). Returning to work following childbirth: The relationship between intentions and behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24(10), 873- 896. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02364.x.
12. Gujarati, D. N. (2004). Basic econometrics (4th edition). Tata McGraw-Hill.
13. Gündüz-Hosgör, A., & Smits, J. (2008). Variation in labor market participation of married women in Turkey. Women’s Studies International Forum, 31(2), 104-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2008.03.003.
14. Gwal, R. (2016). Working women: Career breaks and reentry in a fast-changing business environment. Metamorphosis, 15(1), 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972622516629021.
15. Hasibuan, Y., Batubara, A., & Suryani, S. (2019). Mother’s role and knowledge in young children feeding practices on the nutritional status of infant and toddler. Global Journal of Health Science, 11(6), 158-168. doi: https: //doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n6p158.
16. Heathcote, J., Storesletten, K., & Violante, G. L. (2017). The macroeconomics of the quiet revolution: Understanding the implications of the rise in women’s participation for economic growth and inequality. Research in Economics, 71(3), 521-539. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2017.03.002.
17. Hohberg, M., & Lay, J. (2015). The impact of minimum wages on informal and formal labor market outcomes: evidence from Indonesia. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 4(1), 1-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40175-015-0036-4.
18. Holroyd, T. A., Wahl, B., Gupta, M., Sauer, M., Blunt, M., Gerste, A. K., ... & Limaye, R. J. (2020). Characterizing mothers and children at risk of being under-immunized in India: A latent class analysis approach. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 100, 59-66. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.056.
19. Hu, C. Y. (2008). A longitudinal study of married women’s probability of being housewives in reforming urban China. LSU Doctoral Dissertations, 2496. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. doi: 10.31390/gradschool_ dissertations.2496.
20. Hwang, J. (2016). Housewife, “gold miss,” and equal: the evolution of educated women’s role in Asia and the US. Journal of Population Economics, 29(2), 529-570. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-015-0571-y.
21. ILO. (2018). ILO Labour Force Estimates and Projections (LFEP) 2018: key trends. ILOStat. International Labour Organization. Diakses 17 Desember 2020 dari https://www. ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/LFEPbrief.pdf.
22. Jaka, V., & Mateja, V. (2013). The role of husbands: Support or barrier to women’s entrepreneurial start-ups?. African Journal of Business Management, 7(36), 3730-3738. doi: https: //doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.3040.
23. Julia, L. (2017). Jam kerja, cuti, dan upah. PowerPoint Presentation. International Labour Organization. Diakses 23 September 2020 dari https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/ public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-jakarta/documents/ presentation/wcms_550899.pdf.
24. Kementerian Keuangan. (2012). Laporan tim kajian profil sektor riil: sektor perdagangan, hotel, dan restoran. Kementrian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, Badan Kebijakan Fiskal, Pusat Kebijakan Ekonomi Makro. Diakses 3 Januari 2021 dari https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/sites/default/files/profil% 20sektor%20riil.pdf.
25. Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Profil perempuan Indonesia 2018. Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. Diakses 25 Januari 2020 dari https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/lib/uploads/list/ d9495-buku-ppi-2018.pdf.
26. Lantara, N. F. (2015). The roles of woman as leader and housewife. Journal of Defense Management, 5(1), 5 p. doi: 10.4172/2167-0374.1000125.
27. Lechman, E., & Kaur, H. (2015). Economic growth and female labor force participation–verifying the U-feminization hypothesis. New evidence for 162 countries over the period 1990-2012. Economics and Sociology, 8(1), 246-257. doi: dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2015/8-1/19.
28. Lincove, J. A. (2008). Growth, girls’ education, and female labor: A longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Developing Areas, 41(2), 45-68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40376175.
29. Mujahid, N., & uz Zafar, N. (2012). Economic growth-female labour force participation nexus: an empirical evidence for Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 51(4), 565-585. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23734787.
30. Treas, J., van der Lippe, T., & Tai, T. O. (2011). The happy husband? Working wives, homemakers, and life satisfaction. Diakses 25 Januari 2020 dari https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ: 271218/happyhusband3_22_11_tvdljt3_1.pdf?dsi_ version=edbb0ae6bacc6e1118992065353fe839.
31. White, J. M., & Klein, D. M. (2002). Family theories (2nd edition). Sage Publications, Inc.
32. Ye, B., & Zhao, Y. (2018). Women hold up half the sky? Gender identity and the wife’s labor market performance in China. China Economic Review, 47, 116-141. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.08.002.
33. Yi, C. C., & Chien, W. Y. (2002). The linkage between work and family: Female’s employment patterns in three Chinese societies. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33(3), 451-474. doi: https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.33.3.451.
34. Zhang, W. B. (1993). A woman’s labor participation and economic growth: Creativity, knowledge utilization and family preference. Economics Letters, 42(1), 105-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)90181-B.

Recommended Citation

Yeni, Isra; Marta, Joan; Satria, Doni; Adry, Melti Roza; Putri, Dewi Zaini; Sari, Yollit Permata; Akbar, Urmatul Uska; and Putra, Hari Setia (2022) "Peluang Wanita Bekerja Keluar dari Pasar Tenaga Kerja Setelah Menikah," Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia: Vol. 22: No. 1, Article 8.
DOI: 10.21002/jepi.2022.08
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jepi/vol22/iss1/8