Abstract
Since 2014, to reach the poor for increasing financial inclusion, the government of Indonesia has been digitizing social benefits. Recently, local government has also been pushed to build a “Digital Village.” We argue that for such a program to succeed, a good level of financial and digital literacy of the village officials is necessary. We surveyed the village officials in 60 out of 215 Aceh Tamiang to examine their financial, digital, and DFS literacy. We find that the literacy of the village officials, on average, is low. The factors contributing to low financial literacy are age, level of education, and accessibility to financial and digital services.
Bahasa Abstract
Sejak tahun 2014, Pemerintah mendorong inklusi keuangan bagi masyarakat berpendapatan rendah melalui digitalisasi bantuan sosial. Perkembangan terbaru, pemerintah daerah juga didorong untuk membangun “Desa Digital”. Keberhasilan program ini menurut penulis, membutuhkan literasi keuangan dan literasi digital aparatur desa. Studi ini melakukan survei mengenai literasi keuangan, digital, dan keuangan digital dari aparatur desa di 60 desa dari 213 desa di Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara rata-rata tingkat literasi masih rendah, bahkan cenderung kurang. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan akses terhadap keuangan digital memengaruhi tingkat literasi keuangan aparatur desa.
References
[1] Agarwal, S., Driscoll, J. C., Gabaix, X., & Laibson, D. (2009). The age of reason: Financial decisions over the life cycle and implications for regulation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2009(2), 51-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.0.0067.
[2] AJNN.net. (2017, 2 Oktober). Ini kerugian dana desa akibat ulah dua datok di Aceh Tamiang. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari http://www.ajnn.net/news/ini-kerugian-dana-desa-akibat-ulah-dua-datok-di-acehtamiang /index.html.
[3] Alkali, Y. E., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2004). Experiments in digital literacy. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 421-429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.421.
[4] Ansong, A., & Gyensare, M. A. (2012). Determinants of university working-students’ financial literacy at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(9), 126-133. doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n9p126.
[5] APJII. (2016). Infografis penetrasi & perilaku pengguna internet Indonesia: Survey 2016. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://apjii.or.id/ content/read/39/264/Survei-Internet-APJII-2016.
[6] Asrori, A. (2014). Kapasitas perangkat desa dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa di Kabupaten Kudus. Jurnal Bina Praja: Journal of Home Affairs Governance, 6(2), 101-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.06.2014.101-116.
[7] Australian Council for Educational Research. (2016). A global measure of digital and ICT literacy skills. Background paper prepared for the 2016 Global Education Monitoring Report Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for all, ED/GEMR/MRT/2016/P1/4. UNESCO & GEMR.
[8] Bank Indonesia. (2016, 20 April). BI dukung implementasi desa digital. Berita Terkini (Siaran Pers). Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/BI-Dukung-Implementasi-Desa-Digital.aspx.
[9] Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Peria, M. S. M. (2007). Reaching out: Access to and use of banking services across countries. Journal of Financial Economics, 85(1), 234-266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.07.002.
[10] Carrington, V., & Marsh, J. (2005). Digital childhood and youth: New texts, new literacies. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 26(3), 279-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500199890.
[11] Chen, H., & Volpe, R. P. (1998). An analysis of personal financial literacy among college students. Financial Services Review, 7(2), 107-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057- 0810(99)80006-7.
[12] Covey, S. (2004). The 7 habits of highly effective people: 7 kebiasaan manusia yang sangat efektif. Binarupa Aksara.
[13] Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L. F., Singer, D., & Van Oudheusden, P. (2015). The global findex database 2014: Measuring financial inclusion around the world.World Bank Policy ResearchWorking Paper, 7255. TheWorld Bank. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21865.
[14] Ebiringa, O. T., & Okorafor, E. O. (2010). Financial Literacy and financial decision making capacity: The gender balance issue. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12(7), 222- 232.
[15] Eshet-Alkalai, Y., & Chajut, E. (2010). You can teach old dogs new tricks: The factors that affect changes over time in digital literacy. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 9(1), 173-181.
[16] European Commission. (2010). Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions: A Digital Agenda for Europe. COM(2010)245 final. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0245:FIN:EN:PDF.
[17] Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. Wiley & Sons.
[18] Global Findex. (2014). Global financial inclusion (Global Findex) database. World Bank. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/ global-financial-inclusion-global-findex-database.
[19] Green, D. A., & Riddell,W. C. (2012). Understanding educational impacts: The role of literacy and numeracy skills. In 11th IZA/SOLE Transatlantic Meeting of Labor Economists [Online]. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari http://conference. iza.org/conference files/TAM2012/riddell w5670.pdf.
[20] Gui, M. (2007). Formal and substantial Internet information skills: The role of socio-demographic dierences on the possession of different components of digital literacy. First Monday, 12(9), 1-16.
[21] Hargittai, E. (2005). Survey measures of web-oriented digital literacy. Social Science Computer Review, 23(3), 371-379. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439305275911.
[22] Hargittai, E., & Hinnant, A. (2008). Digital inequality: Dierences in young adults’ use of the internet. Communication Research, 35(5), 602-621. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321782.
[23] Huang, J., & Russell, S. (2006). The digital divide and academic achievement. The Electronic Library, 24(2), 160-173. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470610660350.
[24] Karpati, A. (2011). Digital literacy in education. Policy brief May 2011. UNESCO Institute for information technologies in Education. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://iite.unesco.org/files/policy briefs/pdf/en/digital literacy.pdf.
[25] Kharchenko, O. (2011). Financial literacy in Ukraine: Determinants and implications for saving behavior (Master Thesis, Kyiv School of Economic). Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari http://www.kse.org.ua/uploads/file/ library/MAThesis2011/KHARCHENKO.pdf.
[26] Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2011). Financial literacy and retirement planning in the United States. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 10(4), 509-525. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474721100045X.
[27] Margaretha, F., & Pambudhi, R. A. (2015). Tingkat literasi keuangan pada mahasiswa S-1 fakultas ekonomi. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 17(1), 76-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.17.1.76-85.
[28] Mitzner, T. L., Rogers, W. A., Fisk, A. D., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2016). Predicting older adults’ perceptions about a computer system designed for seniors. Universal Access in the Information Society, 15(2), 271-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0383-y.
[29] Nuryakin, C., Sastiono, P., Maizar, F. A., Amin, P., Yunita, L., Puspita N., Afrizal, M., & Tjen, C. (2017). Financial inclusion through digital financial services and branchless banking: Inclusiveness, challenges and opportunities. LPEM-FEBUI Working Paper 008. Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi dan Masyarakat Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://www.lpem.org/id/financial-inclusion-digital-financial-services-branchlessbanking- inclusiveness-challenges-opportunities/.
[30] OECD. (2013). PISA 2012 financial literacy framework. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari http://www.oecd.org/finance/ financial-education/PISA2012FrameworkLiteracy.pdf.
[31] OECD/INFE. (2015). 2015 OECD/INFE toolkit for measuring financial literacy and financial inclusion. OECD International Network on Financial Education. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-education/ 2015 OECD INFE Toolkit Measuring Financial Literacy.pdf.
[32] OJK. (2014). Strategi Nasional Literasi Keuangan Indonesia 2013. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
[33] Pew Research Center. (2018). Internet/broadband fact sheet. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/internet-broadband/.
[34] Potter,W. J. (2015). Introduction to media literacy (1st Edition). Sage.
[35] PPID LAN. (2008). Executive summary: Kajian peningkatan aparatur desa. Pejabat Pengelola Informasi Publik Lembaga Administrasi Negara. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari http://ppid.lan.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Abstrak-Kajian-Aparatur-Desa.pdf.
[36] Sari, D. L. (2016). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap kinerja aparatur desa dalam meningkatkan pelayanan publik di Desa Bumi Agung Marga Kecamatan Abung Timur Kabupaten Lampung Utara (Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Lampung).
[37] Suangi, R. S. (2014). Peranan pemerintah desa untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan (Studi kasus di Desa Bongkudai Barat Kecamatan Modayag Barat). Jurnal Eksekutif, 1(3).
[38] UAC. (2013). Digital divide and factors affecting digital literacy: Education essay. Uni Assignment Centre. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/education/digital-divide-and-factors-affecting-digital-literacyeducation-essay.php?cref=1.
[39] UNESCO. (2005). Education for all: literacy for life. Education for all global monitoring report 2006. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/ report/2006/literacy-life.
[40] Villasenor, J. D., West, D. M., & Lewis, R. J. (2016). The 2016 Brookings financial and digital inclusion project report: Advancing equitable financial ecosystems. Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings - The Brookings Institution. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-2016-brookings-financial-and-digital-inclusion-projectreport/.
[41] Wachira, I. M., & Kihiu, E. N. (2012). Impact of financial literacy on access to financial services in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(19), 42-50.
[42] World Bank. (2000). Small states: meeting challenges in the global economy: Report of the Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank joint task force on small states. Report 27029. Diakses 20 Oktober 2017 dari https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/267231468763824990/small-states-meeting-challenges-in-the-global-economy.
[43] World Bank. (2017) Financial Inclusion: Financial inclusion is a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity: Overview. Diakses 5 April 2017 dari http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion/overview.
[44] Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd Edition). Harper & Row.
Recommended Citation
Fitriansyah, Fitriansyah and Nuryakin, Chaikal
(2021)
"Desa Digital dan Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Aparatur Desa: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang,"
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia: Vol. 21:
No.
2, Article 6.
DOI: 10.21002/jepi.2021.14
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jepi/vol21/iss2/6