•  
  •  
 

Abstract

So far poverty alleviation policies are still oriented to the monetary approach, while poverty is multidimensional, this means that multidimensional poverty is defined as the condition of the lack of all existing poverty indicators. This study finds the main deprivation of poverty indicators in each province in Indonesia, so that poverty alleviation programs can be directed and more in line with the main deprivation needs of poverty in an area. Using the data of the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas 2014) and Alkire-Foster’s multidimensional poverty measurement method, and with 12 indicators in three dimensions (health, education, and living standards), found that a priority scale of poverty alleviation assistance required by all provinces in Indonesia based on deprivation primarily a relief program that deals with old school problems and immunizations, except in Maluku province is a birth attendant and in Papua is a literacy issue.

Bahasa Abstract

Sejauh ini kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan masih berorientasi pada pendekatan moneter, sementara kemiskinan bersifat multidimensi, ini berarti bahwa kemiskinan multidimensi didefinisikan sebagai kondisi kurangnya semua indikator kemiskinan yang ada. Studi ini menemukan deprivasi utama indikator kemiskinan di setiap provinsi di Indonesia, sehingga program pengentasan kemiskinan dapat diarahkan dan lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan deprivasi utama kemiskinan di suatu daerah. Berdasarkan data hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 2014 dan metode pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi Alkire-Foster, serta 12 indikator dalam tiga dimensi (pendidikan, kesehatan, dan standar hidup), maka ditemukan skala prioritas bantuan pengentasan kemiskinan yang dibutuhkan di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan deprivasi utamanya, yakni program bantuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan lama sekolah dan imunisasi, kecuali di Provinsi Maluku adalah persoalan penolong kelahiran dan di Papua adalah persoalan melek huruf.

References

[1] Alkire, S. (2016). The process of developing multidimensional poverty measures [PowerPoint Sildes]. UNECE workshop on harmonisation of poverty statistics Geneva, 11 July 2016. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://www.unece. org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.15/2016/ Wshp/Session B. LEAD PRESENTATION - OPHI.pdf.

[2] Alkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2013). A multidimensional approach: Poverty measurement & beyond. Social Indicators Research, 112(2), 239–257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205- 013-0257-3.

[3] Alkire, S., Conconi, A., & Seth, S. (2014). Multidimensional Poverty Index 2014: Brief methodological note and results. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI), Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ Global-MPI-2014-Brief-Methodological-Note-and-Results. pdf?0a8fd7.

[4] Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., Santos, M. E., & Seth, S. (2011a, December). Multidimensional Poverty Index 2011. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI). Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/ uploads/OPHI-MPI-Brief-2011.pdf.

[5] Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., Santos, M. E., & Seth, S. (2011b). Multidimensional Poverty Index 2011: Brief methodological note. OPHI Research Briefing, 05. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) - Oxford Department of International Development - Queen Elizabeth House (QEH), University of Oxford. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid: 83f56598-28ed-47d7-9984-92fd4d1786b3.

[6] Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., Ballon, P., Foster, J., Santos, M. E., & Seth, S. (2015). Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis. Oxford University Press.

[7] Anand, S., & Sen, A. (2000). The income component of the Human Development Index. Journal of Human Development, 1(1), 83–106. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1080/14649880050008782.

[8] Applebaum, L. D. (2001). The influence of perceived deservingness on policy decisions regarding aid to the poor. Political Psychology, 22(3), 419–442. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00248.

[9] Asselin, L. M. (2009). Analysis of multidimensional poverty: Theory and case studies. Springer Science & Business Media.

[10] BPS. (2015). Penghitungan dan analisis kemiskinan makro Indonesia tahun 2015. Badan Pusat Statistik.

[11] BPS. (2018). Statistik Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

[12] Budiantoro, S., Fanggidae, V., Saputra, S., Maftuchan, A., & Artha, D. R. P. (2013). Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): Konsep dan Pengukurannya di Indonesia. PRAKARSA Economic Policy Working Paper. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://repository.theprakarsa.org/media/ 667-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi-konse-ee55542b. pdf.

[13] Chambers, R. (1995). Poverty and livelihoods: whose reality counts?. Environment and Urbanization, 7(1), 173–204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/095624789500700106.

[14] Dewilde, C. (2004). The multidimensional measurement of poverty in Belgium and Britain: A categorical approach. Social Indicators Research, 68(3), 331–369. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SOCI.0000033578.81639.89.

[15] Hanandita, W., & Tampubolon, G. (2016). Multidimensional poverty in Indonesia: Trend over. Social Indicators Research, 128(2), 559–587. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205- 015-1044-0.

[16] Henry, P. J., Reyna, C., & Weiner, B. (2004). Hate welfare but help the poor: How the attributional content of stereotypes explains the paradox of reactions to the destitute in America. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(1), 34–58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02536.x.

[17] Irawan, P. B., Raharto, A., Rumanitha, E., & Romdiati, H. (2000). Analisis studi evaluasi penentuan kriteria rumahtangga miskin tahun 2000. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

[18] Kakwani, N., & Silber, J. (Eds.). (2008). Quantitative approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

[19] Kemenkes (2017) Profl Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017. Jakarta: Kemenkes

[20] Kim, K. S., Lee, Y.,&Lee, Y. J. (2010).Amultilevel analysis of factors related to poverty in welfare states. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 391–404. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205- 010-9592-9.

[21] Klasen, S. (2000). Does gender inequality reduce growth and development? Evidence fromcross-country regressions. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen & Institut fur Statistik. Sonderforschungsbereich 386: Analyse Diskreter Strukturen Discussion Paper No 212. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1602/1/paper 212.pdf.

[22] Laderchi, C. R. (1997). Poverty and its many dimensions: The role of income as an indicator. Oxford Development Studies, 25(3), 345–360. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1080/13600819708424139.

[23] Nandori, E. S. (2011). Subjective poverty and its relation to objective poverty concepts in Hungary. Social Indicators Research, 102(3), 537–556. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205- 010-9743-z.

[24] Nolan, B., & Whelan, C. (1996). The Relationship between income and deprivation: A dynamic perspective. Revue Economique, 47(3), 709–717. doi: https: //doi.org/10.2307/3502573.

[25] Pratomo, D., & Sumargo, B. (2016). Sebuah alternatif: Better life index sebagai ukuran pembangunan multidimensi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 16(2), 123–140. doi: https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v16i2.597.

[26] Ranis, G. (2004). The evolution of development thinking: Theory and policy. Center Discussion Papers, 886. Economic Growth Center - Yale University. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://egcenter.economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/ files/CDP-cdp801-cdp900/cdp886.pdf.

[27] Ravallion, M., Chen, S., & Sangraula, P. (2009). Dollar a day revisited. The World Bank Economic Review, 23(2), 163–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhp007.

[28] Strauss, J., Beegle, K., Dwiyanto, A., Herawati, Y., Pattinasarany, D., Satriawan, E., Sikoki, B., Sukamdi, &Witoelar, F. (2004). Indonesian living standards: Before and after the financial crisis. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

[29] Sumargo, B. (2002). Validitas dan reliabilitas pengukuran kemiskinan. Tesis. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.

[30] Sumarto, S., & De Silva, I. (2014). Beyond the headcount: Examining the dynamics and patterns of multidimensional poverty in Indonesia. TNP2K Working Paper 21-2014. Jakarta: Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K). Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari http://www.tnp2k.go.id/downloads/ beyond-the-headcount-examining-the-dynamics-andpatterns- of-multidimensional-poverty-in-indonesia.

[31] Suppa, N. (2016). Comparing monetary and multidimensional poverty in Germany. OPHI Working Papers, 103. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI). Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid: 4302c7c8-0a69-4ae0-a817-e5826866ea6a.

[32] Whelan, C. T., Layte, R., & Maıtre, B. (2004). Understanding the mismatch between income poverty and deprivation: A dynamic comparative analysis. European Sociological Review, 20(4), 287–302. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jch029.

[33] World Bank. (2015). Ketimpangan yang semakin lebar. The World Bank - Australian Aid. Diakses 14 Februari 2017 dari http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/986461460705141518/ Indonesias-Rising-Divide-Bahasa-Indonesia.pdf.

[34] Yu, J. (2013). Multidimensional poverty in China: Findings based on the CHNS. Social Indicators Research, 112(2), 315–336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0250-x.

[35] Zucker, G. S., & Weiner, B. (1993). Conservatism and perceptions of poverty: An attributional analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23(12), 925–943. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01014.x.

Download

Included in

Economics Commons

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.