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Abstract

Childhood and adolescent obesity remain a significant public health issue worldwide. This review summarizes research on the relationship among obesity, physical activity, and diet. This study aims to investigate the relationship between children's and adolescents' obesity, their physical activity levels, and diet. A scoping review was conducted by assessing 81 research journal articles from 2014 to 2023 from electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy used Boolean operators as follows: (“child*” OR “adolescent”) AND (“obesity”) AND (“diet” OR “food intake”) AND (“physical activity”), selected based on the inclusion criteria of children and adolescents aged 1-18 years and their obesity-related diet and physical activity behaviors, we elaborate on 9 articles. The findings showed that obesity is directly linked to lifestyle choices, particularly diet and physical activity. Dietary determinants include nutrition education, portion control, food choices, snack frequency, and intake of high-fat, high-sugar food. Meanwhile, low physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, high screen time, and lack of organized exercise also contribute to obesity in children and youth. Obesity has a high correlation with lifestyle and calls for early intervention. The public health policy should promote nutrition literacy and physical activity among children and adolescents.

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Bahasa Abstract

Obesitas pada anak dan remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia. Artikel tinjauan merangkum penelitian mengenai hubungan kejadian obesitas, tingkat aktivitas fisik, dan pola makan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kejadian obesitas anak dan remaja dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik dan pola makan. Metode: Tinjauan cakupan dari 81 jurnal penelitian sejak tahun 2014 hingga 2023 yang diakses melalui basis data Google Scholar dan Pubmed menggunakan kata kunci Anak OR Remaja Obesitas AND Konsumsi Makan AND aktivitas fisik, Anak OR Remaja Obesitas AND kebiasaan makan AND aktivitas fisik. Kriteria artikel yaitu subjek anak dan remaja usia 1-18 tahun dan menelaah hubungan kebiasaan makan dan aktivitas fisik yang memengaruhi kejadian obesitas, kami merinci pada 9 artikel. Ditemukan adanya hubungan langsung antara kejadian obesitas dengan gaya hidup, pola makan dan aktivitas fisik. Faktor yang memengaruhi kebiasaan makan seperti pengetahuan, porsi makan, pemilihan jenis makanan, konsumsi snack, konsumsi makanan tinggi gula dan lemak. Sedangkan, rendahnya aktivitas fisik, gaya hidup sedentari, tinggi waktu layar, dan jarangnya berolahraga menjadi faktor penyebab obesitas pada anak dan remaja. Obesitas berkorelasi tinggi dengan gaya hidup dan memerlukan intervensi dini. Kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat perlu mengedukasi pola makan dan aktivitas fisik yang tepat pada anak serta remaja.

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