"Maternal Diet and LBW:A Scoping Review" by Tri Siswati, Devi Septia Ningrum et al.
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Abstract

Maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy influence birth outcomes. This review article aims to synthesize key studies examining the relationship between maternal dietary intake, nutritional status, and the occurrence of low birth weight (LBW). This study applies a scoping review from PubMed and Google Scholar (2018–2023). Observational and experimental studies were included. Articles met the criteria if they involved pregnant women aged 17+, human studies, full-text availability, and were in English or Indonesian. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The findings revealed that maternal intake of essential macronutrients, including energy and protein, along with key micronutrients such as vitamins B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, and D, as well as calcium, iron, folic acid, and zinc, often fell below the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Other factors associated with LBW included unhealthy dietary patterns, low pre-pregnancy BMI, chronic energy deficiency (CED), and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy. LBW is strongly linked to maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy. Ensuring adequate nutrient intake, adopting healthier dietary practices, and providing proper supplementation are crucial strategies for improving maternal health. These measures can significantly reduce the risk of LBW, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes for newborns.

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Pola makan dan status gizi ibu selama kehamilan memengaruhi hasil kelahiran. Artikel tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis studi-studi utama yang meneliti hubungan antara asupan makanan ibu, status gizi, dan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan dari PubMed dan Google Scholar (2018–2023). Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria adalah artikel yang melibatkan ibu hamil berusia 17 tahun ke atas, tersedia dalam bentuk teks lengkap, dan dalam bahasa Inggris atau Indonesia. Empat belas penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa asupan makronutrien ibu, termasuk energi dan protein, serta mikronutrien seperti vitamin B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, dan D, serta kalsium, zat besi, asam folat, dan seng, sering kali berada di bawah angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) yang dianjurkan. Faktor lain yang terkait dengan BBLR termasuk pola makan yang tidak sehat, IMT pra-kehamilan yang rendah, kekurangan energi kronis (KEK), dan peningkatan berat badan selama kehamilan yang tidak memadai. BBLR memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan pola makan dan status gizi ibu selama kehamilan. Memastikan asupan nutrisi yang cukup, menerapkan pola makan yang lebih sehat, dan memberikan suplementasi yang tepat adalah strategi penting untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu. Langkah-langkah ini dapat secara signifikan mengurangi risiko BBLR, yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi pada hasil kesehatan yang lebih baik bagi bayi baru lahir.

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